Flash Memory for Synaptic Plasticity in Neuromorphic Computing: A Review

The rapid expansion of data has made global access easier, but it also demands increasing amounts of energy for data storage and processing. In response, neuromorphic electronics, inspired by the functionality of biological neurons and synapses, have emerged as a growing area of research. These devi...

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Main Authors: Jisung Im, Sangyeon Pak, Sung-Yun Woo, Wonjun Shin, Sung-Tae Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Biomimetics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/10/2/121
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author Jisung Im
Sangyeon Pak
Sung-Yun Woo
Wonjun Shin
Sung-Tae Lee
author_facet Jisung Im
Sangyeon Pak
Sung-Yun Woo
Wonjun Shin
Sung-Tae Lee
author_sort Jisung Im
collection DOAJ
description The rapid expansion of data has made global access easier, but it also demands increasing amounts of energy for data storage and processing. In response, neuromorphic electronics, inspired by the functionality of biological neurons and synapses, have emerged as a growing area of research. These devices enable in-memory computing, helping to overcome the “von Neumann bottleneck”, a limitation caused by the separation of memory and processing units in traditional von Neumann architecture. By leveraging multi-bit non-volatility, biologically inspired features, and Ohm’s law, synaptic devices show great potential for reducing energy consumption in multiplication and accumulation operations. Within the various non-volatile memory technologies available, flash memory stands out as a highly competitive option for storing large volumes of data. This review highlights recent advancements in neuromorphic computing that utilize NOR, AND, and NAND flash memory. This review also delves into the array architecture, operational methods, and electrical properties of NOR, AND, and NAND flash memory, emphasizing its application in different neural network designs. By providing a detailed overview of flash memory-based neuromorphic computing, this review offers valuable insights into optimizing its use across diverse applications.
format Article
id doaj-art-a2a4b21ccfa9471eac47b64a453b965b
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issn 2313-7673
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publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Biomimetics
spelling doaj-art-a2a4b21ccfa9471eac47b64a453b965b2025-08-20T02:44:36ZengMDPI AGBiomimetics2313-76732025-02-0110212110.3390/biomimetics10020121Flash Memory for Synaptic Plasticity in Neuromorphic Computing: A ReviewJisung Im0Sangyeon Pak1Sung-Yun Woo2Wonjun Shin3Sung-Tae Lee4School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaSchool of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of KoreaSchool of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Semiconductor Convergence Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of KoreaSchool of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul 04066, Republic of KoreaThe rapid expansion of data has made global access easier, but it also demands increasing amounts of energy for data storage and processing. In response, neuromorphic electronics, inspired by the functionality of biological neurons and synapses, have emerged as a growing area of research. These devices enable in-memory computing, helping to overcome the “von Neumann bottleneck”, a limitation caused by the separation of memory and processing units in traditional von Neumann architecture. By leveraging multi-bit non-volatility, biologically inspired features, and Ohm’s law, synaptic devices show great potential for reducing energy consumption in multiplication and accumulation operations. Within the various non-volatile memory technologies available, flash memory stands out as a highly competitive option for storing large volumes of data. This review highlights recent advancements in neuromorphic computing that utilize NOR, AND, and NAND flash memory. This review also delves into the array architecture, operational methods, and electrical properties of NOR, AND, and NAND flash memory, emphasizing its application in different neural network designs. By providing a detailed overview of flash memory-based neuromorphic computing, this review offers valuable insights into optimizing its use across diverse applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/10/2/121neuromorphicsynaptic devicein-memory computingNOR flash memoryAND flash memoryNAND flash memory
spellingShingle Jisung Im
Sangyeon Pak
Sung-Yun Woo
Wonjun Shin
Sung-Tae Lee
Flash Memory for Synaptic Plasticity in Neuromorphic Computing: A Review
Biomimetics
neuromorphic
synaptic device
in-memory computing
NOR flash memory
AND flash memory
NAND flash memory
title Flash Memory for Synaptic Plasticity in Neuromorphic Computing: A Review
title_full Flash Memory for Synaptic Plasticity in Neuromorphic Computing: A Review
title_fullStr Flash Memory for Synaptic Plasticity in Neuromorphic Computing: A Review
title_full_unstemmed Flash Memory for Synaptic Plasticity in Neuromorphic Computing: A Review
title_short Flash Memory for Synaptic Plasticity in Neuromorphic Computing: A Review
title_sort flash memory for synaptic plasticity in neuromorphic computing a review
topic neuromorphic
synaptic device
in-memory computing
NOR flash memory
AND flash memory
NAND flash memory
url https://www.mdpi.com/2313-7673/10/2/121
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AT sangyeonpak flashmemoryforsynapticplasticityinneuromorphiccomputingareview
AT sungyunwoo flashmemoryforsynapticplasticityinneuromorphiccomputingareview
AT wonjunshin flashmemoryforsynapticplasticityinneuromorphiccomputingareview
AT sungtaelee flashmemoryforsynapticplasticityinneuromorphiccomputingareview