The mediating role of depressive symptoms in the relationship between health literacy and suicide-related behaviors in middle school students

Abstract Suicide-related behaviors among adolescents have garnered increasing social attention, while few studies have revealed the association between health literacy and suicide-related behaviors, and the underlying mechanism. Thus, this study aims to explore the effect of health literacy on suici...

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Main Authors: Ronghuinan Zhang, Aini Liu, Yu Luo, Chang Peng, Hong Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02868-1
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author Ronghuinan Zhang
Aini Liu
Yu Luo
Chang Peng
Hong Wang
author_facet Ronghuinan Zhang
Aini Liu
Yu Luo
Chang Peng
Hong Wang
author_sort Ronghuinan Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Suicide-related behaviors among adolescents have garnered increasing social attention, while few studies have revealed the association between health literacy and suicide-related behaviors, and the underlying mechanism. Thus, this study aims to explore the effect of health literacy on suicide-related behaviors in Chinese adolescents, as well as the potential mediating role of depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among 7182 students who were selected by using stratified cluster sampling in May 2023. The Adolescent Health Literacy Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and three questions about the suicide-related behaviors were used to collect data. Chi-square tests were performed to compare the differences in the distribution of suicide-related behaviors across health literacy levels as well as sociodemographic characteristics. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to assess the correlations between variables. Bootstrap methods were performed to test the mediating role of depressive symptoms. The results showed that the prevalence of suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts in the past 12 months among Chinese middle school students was 26.62%, 9.27%, and 4.55%, respectively. Inadequate health literacy levels exhibited significant and positive correlation with depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts. Additionally, depressive symptoms were correlated significantly and positively with three suicide-related behaviors. Mediation analysis showed that the relationship between health literacy and suicide attempts was fully mediated by depressive symptoms and the mediation proportion was 64.9%, while depressive symptoms partially mediated the relationship between health literacy and suicidal ideation and planning, with the mediation proportion was 78.4% and 70.0%, respectively. By shedding light on these mechanisms, comprehensive health literacy improvement programs may be promising in preventing depression and suicide-related behaviors among adolescents.
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spelling doaj-art-a29b4e8f3051413fad037d3caccb05932025-08-20T03:08:40ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-02868-1The mediating role of depressive symptoms in the relationship between health literacy and suicide-related behaviors in middle school studentsRonghuinan Zhang0Aini Liu1Yu Luo2Chang Peng3Hong Wang4College of Public Health, Chongqing Medical UniversityCollege of Public Health, Chongqing Medical UniversityCollege of Public Health, Chongqing Medical UniversityCollege of Public Health, Chongqing Medical UniversityCollege of Public Health, Chongqing Medical UniversityAbstract Suicide-related behaviors among adolescents have garnered increasing social attention, while few studies have revealed the association between health literacy and suicide-related behaviors, and the underlying mechanism. Thus, this study aims to explore the effect of health literacy on suicide-related behaviors in Chinese adolescents, as well as the potential mediating role of depressive symptoms. A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was conducted among 7182 students who were selected by using stratified cluster sampling in May 2023. The Adolescent Health Literacy Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and three questions about the suicide-related behaviors were used to collect data. Chi-square tests were performed to compare the differences in the distribution of suicide-related behaviors across health literacy levels as well as sociodemographic characteristics. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to assess the correlations between variables. Bootstrap methods were performed to test the mediating role of depressive symptoms. The results showed that the prevalence of suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts in the past 12 months among Chinese middle school students was 26.62%, 9.27%, and 4.55%, respectively. Inadequate health literacy levels exhibited significant and positive correlation with depressive symptoms, suicidal ideation, planning, and attempts. Additionally, depressive symptoms were correlated significantly and positively with three suicide-related behaviors. Mediation analysis showed that the relationship between health literacy and suicide attempts was fully mediated by depressive symptoms and the mediation proportion was 64.9%, while depressive symptoms partially mediated the relationship between health literacy and suicidal ideation and planning, with the mediation proportion was 78.4% and 70.0%, respectively. By shedding light on these mechanisms, comprehensive health literacy improvement programs may be promising in preventing depression and suicide-related behaviors among adolescents.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02868-1Health literacyDepressionSuicide-related behaviorsMediation analysisMiddle school students
spellingShingle Ronghuinan Zhang
Aini Liu
Yu Luo
Chang Peng
Hong Wang
The mediating role of depressive symptoms in the relationship between health literacy and suicide-related behaviors in middle school students
Scientific Reports
Health literacy
Depression
Suicide-related behaviors
Mediation analysis
Middle school students
title The mediating role of depressive symptoms in the relationship between health literacy and suicide-related behaviors in middle school students
title_full The mediating role of depressive symptoms in the relationship between health literacy and suicide-related behaviors in middle school students
title_fullStr The mediating role of depressive symptoms in the relationship between health literacy and suicide-related behaviors in middle school students
title_full_unstemmed The mediating role of depressive symptoms in the relationship between health literacy and suicide-related behaviors in middle school students
title_short The mediating role of depressive symptoms in the relationship between health literacy and suicide-related behaviors in middle school students
title_sort mediating role of depressive symptoms in the relationship between health literacy and suicide related behaviors in middle school students
topic Health literacy
Depression
Suicide-related behaviors
Mediation analysis
Middle school students
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02868-1
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