Hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers: Preparations and their applications in enhancing tumor radiotherapy

Radiotherapy is a critical modality in cancer treatment, yet its efficacy can be substantially hindered by the tumor microenvironment. Nanotechnology has empowered nanomaterials to assume multifunctional roles. These roles encompass drug delivery, radiosensitization, imaging, inducing DNA damage, an...

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Main Authors: Jia Liu, Lin Zhao, Yang Sun, Qinrui Fu, Wenjing Xiao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-10-01
Series:Materials Today Bio
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590006425007562
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author Jia Liu
Lin Zhao
Yang Sun
Qinrui Fu
Wenjing Xiao
author_facet Jia Liu
Lin Zhao
Yang Sun
Qinrui Fu
Wenjing Xiao
author_sort Jia Liu
collection DOAJ
description Radiotherapy is a critical modality in cancer treatment, yet its efficacy can be substantially hindered by the tumor microenvironment. Nanotechnology has empowered nanomaterials to assume multifunctional roles. These roles encompass drug delivery, radiosensitization, imaging, inducing DNA damage, and decreasing glutathione (GSH) levels to impede the neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Consequently, hybrid materials integrating multiple functional components have garnered significant attention. In recent years, the development of hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers has successfully addressed these challenges and attracted considerable interest. This review systematically summarizes the synthesis methods, composition, and potential applications of hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers in radiotherapy. The synthesis techniques are classified into self-assembly, chemical synthesis, and biomimetic synthesis. Furthermore, we examine various types of inorganic, inorganic-organic, and organic hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers, with an emphasis on their mechanisms of action, including enhancing ionizing radiation effects, alleviating tumor hypoxia, and depleting GSH. Finally, we discuss the future prospects and existing challenges of hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers in cancer therapy, highlighting their potential to markedly improve therapeutic efficacy.
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spelling doaj-art-a293d4e8efbe451f8107c666a46d0bd62025-08-20T03:05:49ZengElsevierMaterials Today Bio2590-00642025-10-013410218610.1016/j.mtbio.2025.102186Hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers: Preparations and their applications in enhancing tumor radiotherapyJia Liu0Lin Zhao1Yang Sun2Qinrui Fu3Wenjing Xiao4Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China; Institute of Chronic Disease, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, ChinaDepartment of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China; Institute of Chronic Disease, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, ChinaDepartment of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, ChinaInstitute of Chronic Disease, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Corresponding author.Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China; Corresponding author.Radiotherapy is a critical modality in cancer treatment, yet its efficacy can be substantially hindered by the tumor microenvironment. Nanotechnology has empowered nanomaterials to assume multifunctional roles. These roles encompass drug delivery, radiosensitization, imaging, inducing DNA damage, and decreasing glutathione (GSH) levels to impede the neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thus enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Consequently, hybrid materials integrating multiple functional components have garnered significant attention. In recent years, the development of hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers has successfully addressed these challenges and attracted considerable interest. This review systematically summarizes the synthesis methods, composition, and potential applications of hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers in radiotherapy. The synthesis techniques are classified into self-assembly, chemical synthesis, and biomimetic synthesis. Furthermore, we examine various types of inorganic, inorganic-organic, and organic hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers, with an emphasis on their mechanisms of action, including enhancing ionizing radiation effects, alleviating tumor hypoxia, and depleting GSH. Finally, we discuss the future prospects and existing challenges of hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers in cancer therapy, highlighting their potential to markedly improve therapeutic efficacy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590006425007562Hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizersRadiotherapyReactive oxygen speciesSynergistic therapyNanomedicine
spellingShingle Jia Liu
Lin Zhao
Yang Sun
Qinrui Fu
Wenjing Xiao
Hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers: Preparations and their applications in enhancing tumor radiotherapy
Materials Today Bio
Hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers
Radiotherapy
Reactive oxygen species
Synergistic therapy
Nanomedicine
title Hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers: Preparations and their applications in enhancing tumor radiotherapy
title_full Hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers: Preparations and their applications in enhancing tumor radiotherapy
title_fullStr Hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers: Preparations and their applications in enhancing tumor radiotherapy
title_full_unstemmed Hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers: Preparations and their applications in enhancing tumor radiotherapy
title_short Hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers: Preparations and their applications in enhancing tumor radiotherapy
title_sort hybrid biomaterials based radiosensitizers preparations and their applications in enhancing tumor radiotherapy
topic Hybrid biomaterials-based radiosensitizers
Radiotherapy
Reactive oxygen species
Synergistic therapy
Nanomedicine
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590006425007562
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