Experimental and process modelling of chemical composition and thermal ageing of Ti-doped cast Cu-Ni alloy for microstructural, conductivity, and mechanical properties
This study investigates the effects of titanium (Ti) content and thermal aging on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and electrical conductivity of Ti-doped Cu-10Ni alloy. Both as-cast and heat-treated alloys were subjected to comprehensive mechanical testing, electrical conductivity measure...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949917824000907 |
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| author | Cynthia C. Okechukwu Francis O. Edoziuno Adeolu A. Adediran Silas O. Okuma Augustine B. Okoubulu |
| author_facet | Cynthia C. Okechukwu Francis O. Edoziuno Adeolu A. Adediran Silas O. Okuma Augustine B. Okoubulu |
| author_sort | Cynthia C. Okechukwu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigates the effects of titanium (Ti) content and thermal aging on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and electrical conductivity of Ti-doped Cu-10Ni alloy. Both as-cast and heat-treated alloys were subjected to comprehensive mechanical testing, electrical conductivity measurements, and microstructural analysis. A response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for statistical analysis, predictive modeling, and optimization, with Ti concentration (0.1–3.5 wt%) and aging temperature (400°C–500°C) as the independent variables, and tensile strength, elongation, hardness, impact strength, and electrical conductivity as response variables. The results indicate that Ti addition, particularly in the range of 1.5–3.5 wt%, refined the as-cast microstructure of Cu-10Ni alloys, leading to modest improvements in mechanical properties compared to the base alloy. Aging treatments promoted the formation of precipitates and second phases, notably β-Ni₃Ti, β-Ti₂, and δ-Ti₂Ni, which contributed significantly to property enhancement. The alloy's ultimate tensile strength (UTS) reached 659 MPa with 2.5 wt% Ti aged at 500°C for 2 h. At 3.5 wt% Ti and 450°C aging, the alloy exhibited the highest values for elongation (24.23 %), hardness (193.4 BHN), and impact strength (157 J). Electrical conductivity also improved across all Ti concentrations after aging, with conductivity increasing with higher aging temperatures, though the rate of increase diminished as Ti content rose. Statistical analysis demonstrated good agreement between experimental and predicted values, with the regression models being statistically significant (p < 0.05). Optimal alloy composition and aging conditions were identified, yielding the best combination of mechanical properties and electrical conductivity for the Cu-10Ni alloy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a2865dcedba24f0a836b469687bcf3a9 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2949-9178 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems |
| spelling | doaj-art-a2865dcedba24f0a836b469687bcf3a92025-08-20T02:55:45ZengElsevierJournal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems2949-91782025-03-01910014110.1016/j.jalmes.2024.100141Experimental and process modelling of chemical composition and thermal ageing of Ti-doped cast Cu-Ni alloy for microstructural, conductivity, and mechanical propertiesCynthia C. Okechukwu0Francis O. Edoziuno1Adeolu A. Adediran2Silas O. Okuma3Augustine B. Okoubulu4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko, Delta State, Nigeria; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria; Corresponding author at: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko, Delta State, Nigeria.Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria; Corresponding author.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria; Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, South AfricaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Nigeria Maritime University, Okerenkoko, Delta State, NigeriaDepartment of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Delta State University of Science and Technology, Ozoro, Delta State, NigeriaThis study investigates the effects of titanium (Ti) content and thermal aging on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and electrical conductivity of Ti-doped Cu-10Ni alloy. Both as-cast and heat-treated alloys were subjected to comprehensive mechanical testing, electrical conductivity measurements, and microstructural analysis. A response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for statistical analysis, predictive modeling, and optimization, with Ti concentration (0.1–3.5 wt%) and aging temperature (400°C–500°C) as the independent variables, and tensile strength, elongation, hardness, impact strength, and electrical conductivity as response variables. The results indicate that Ti addition, particularly in the range of 1.5–3.5 wt%, refined the as-cast microstructure of Cu-10Ni alloys, leading to modest improvements in mechanical properties compared to the base alloy. Aging treatments promoted the formation of precipitates and second phases, notably β-Ni₃Ti, β-Ti₂, and δ-Ti₂Ni, which contributed significantly to property enhancement. The alloy's ultimate tensile strength (UTS) reached 659 MPa with 2.5 wt% Ti aged at 500°C for 2 h. At 3.5 wt% Ti and 450°C aging, the alloy exhibited the highest values for elongation (24.23 %), hardness (193.4 BHN), and impact strength (157 J). Electrical conductivity also improved across all Ti concentrations after aging, with conductivity increasing with higher aging temperatures, though the rate of increase diminished as Ti content rose. Statistical analysis demonstrated good agreement between experimental and predicted values, with the regression models being statistically significant (p < 0.05). Optimal alloy composition and aging conditions were identified, yielding the best combination of mechanical properties and electrical conductivity for the Cu-10Ni alloy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949917824000907Cu-Ni alloyTitaniumAging treatmentAs-cast propertiesRSM modeling |
| spellingShingle | Cynthia C. Okechukwu Francis O. Edoziuno Adeolu A. Adediran Silas O. Okuma Augustine B. Okoubulu Experimental and process modelling of chemical composition and thermal ageing of Ti-doped cast Cu-Ni alloy for microstructural, conductivity, and mechanical properties Journal of Alloys and Metallurgical Systems Cu-Ni alloy Titanium Aging treatment As-cast properties RSM modeling |
| title | Experimental and process modelling of chemical composition and thermal ageing of Ti-doped cast Cu-Ni alloy for microstructural, conductivity, and mechanical properties |
| title_full | Experimental and process modelling of chemical composition and thermal ageing of Ti-doped cast Cu-Ni alloy for microstructural, conductivity, and mechanical properties |
| title_fullStr | Experimental and process modelling of chemical composition and thermal ageing of Ti-doped cast Cu-Ni alloy for microstructural, conductivity, and mechanical properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental and process modelling of chemical composition and thermal ageing of Ti-doped cast Cu-Ni alloy for microstructural, conductivity, and mechanical properties |
| title_short | Experimental and process modelling of chemical composition and thermal ageing of Ti-doped cast Cu-Ni alloy for microstructural, conductivity, and mechanical properties |
| title_sort | experimental and process modelling of chemical composition and thermal ageing of ti doped cast cu ni alloy for microstructural conductivity and mechanical properties |
| topic | Cu-Ni alloy Titanium Aging treatment As-cast properties RSM modeling |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949917824000907 |
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