The inhibition of TXNRD1 by methylglyoxal impairs the intracellular control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Type 2 diabetes (DM) is a risk factor for development of tuberculosis (TB). Methylglyoxal (MGO), a reactive carbonyl increased during DM targets diverse macromolecules. Here we discovered that MGO converted the mammalian selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) to a NADPH oxidase, activating t...

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Main Authors: Hanxiong Li, Ruining Liu, Gokul Raj Kathamuthu, Radosveta Gencheva, Zhen Gong, Axel Tobias Scholz, Mohammad Alzrigat, Lucia Coppo, Elias S.J. Arnér, Martin E. Rottenberg
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Redox Biology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221323172500254X
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author Hanxiong Li
Ruining Liu
Gokul Raj Kathamuthu
Radosveta Gencheva
Zhen Gong
Axel Tobias Scholz
Mohammad Alzrigat
Lucia Coppo
Elias S.J. Arnér
Martin E. Rottenberg
author_facet Hanxiong Li
Ruining Liu
Gokul Raj Kathamuthu
Radosveta Gencheva
Zhen Gong
Axel Tobias Scholz
Mohammad Alzrigat
Lucia Coppo
Elias S.J. Arnér
Martin E. Rottenberg
author_sort Hanxiong Li
collection DOAJ
description Type 2 diabetes (DM) is a risk factor for development of tuberculosis (TB). Methylglyoxal (MGO), a reactive carbonyl increased during DM targets diverse macromolecules. Here we discovered that MGO converted the mammalian selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) to a NADPH oxidase, activating the NRF2 transcription factor in bone marrow macrophages (BMM). NRF2 signaling hampered the production of immune molecules by BMM, thus allowing intracellular growth of M. tuberculosis (Mtb). The overexpression of NRF2 was sufficient to increase the Mtb growth. Several inhibitors of TXNRD1 mimicked the effects of MGO on Mtb growth in BMM. MGO and the TXNRD1 inhibitor auranofin also increased the susceptibility of mice to Mtb infection. Finally, IFN-γ abrogated the MGO-triggered suppression of the protective responses to Mtb in BMM, by epigenetic regulation of immune genes, without impairing NRF2 activation. Thus, metabolic alterations in DM may have a causative role in TB-DM comorbidity, by activating NRF2 responses that impair immune protective responses.
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spelling doaj-art-a275cef4e4db44669934ebb42ed69c652025-08-24T05:12:25ZengElsevierRedox Biology2213-23172025-09-018510374110.1016/j.redox.2025.103741The inhibition of TXNRD1 by methylglyoxal impairs the intracellular control of Mycobacterium tuberculosisHanxiong Li0Ruining Liu1Gokul Raj Kathamuthu2Radosveta Gencheva3Zhen Gong4Axel Tobias Scholz5Mohammad Alzrigat6Lucia Coppo7Elias S.J. Arnér8Martin E. Rottenberg9Dept Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Stockholm, SwedenDept Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Stockholm, SwedenDept Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Stockholm, SwedenDivision of Biochemistry, Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenDept Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Stockholm, SwedenDivision of Biochemistry, Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenDept Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Stockholm, SwedenDivision of Biochemistry, Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SwedenDivision of Biochemistry, Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Dept of Selenoprotein Research and National Tumor Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, HungaryDept Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Stockholm, Sweden; Corresponding author. Dept. Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, S17177, Stockholm, Sweden.Type 2 diabetes (DM) is a risk factor for development of tuberculosis (TB). Methylglyoxal (MGO), a reactive carbonyl increased during DM targets diverse macromolecules. Here we discovered that MGO converted the mammalian selenoprotein thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1) to a NADPH oxidase, activating the NRF2 transcription factor in bone marrow macrophages (BMM). NRF2 signaling hampered the production of immune molecules by BMM, thus allowing intracellular growth of M. tuberculosis (Mtb). The overexpression of NRF2 was sufficient to increase the Mtb growth. Several inhibitors of TXNRD1 mimicked the effects of MGO on Mtb growth in BMM. MGO and the TXNRD1 inhibitor auranofin also increased the susceptibility of mice to Mtb infection. Finally, IFN-γ abrogated the MGO-triggered suppression of the protective responses to Mtb in BMM, by epigenetic regulation of immune genes, without impairing NRF2 activation. Thus, metabolic alterations in DM may have a causative role in TB-DM comorbidity, by activating NRF2 responses that impair immune protective responses.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221323172500254XTuberculosisDiabetesMacrophageMethylglyoxalThioredoxin reductaseNRF2
spellingShingle Hanxiong Li
Ruining Liu
Gokul Raj Kathamuthu
Radosveta Gencheva
Zhen Gong
Axel Tobias Scholz
Mohammad Alzrigat
Lucia Coppo
Elias S.J. Arnér
Martin E. Rottenberg
The inhibition of TXNRD1 by methylglyoxal impairs the intracellular control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Redox Biology
Tuberculosis
Diabetes
Macrophage
Methylglyoxal
Thioredoxin reductase
NRF2
title The inhibition of TXNRD1 by methylglyoxal impairs the intracellular control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
title_full The inhibition of TXNRD1 by methylglyoxal impairs the intracellular control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
title_fullStr The inhibition of TXNRD1 by methylglyoxal impairs the intracellular control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
title_full_unstemmed The inhibition of TXNRD1 by methylglyoxal impairs the intracellular control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
title_short The inhibition of TXNRD1 by methylglyoxal impairs the intracellular control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
title_sort inhibition of txnrd1 by methylglyoxal impairs the intracellular control of mycobacterium tuberculosis
topic Tuberculosis
Diabetes
Macrophage
Methylglyoxal
Thioredoxin reductase
NRF2
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221323172500254X
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