Breast milk Na+ and Na+/K+ ratio predict delayed onset of lactogenesis in gestational hyperglycemia
Abstract To investigate the predictive value of breast milk Na+ concentration and Na+/K+ ratio on delayed onset of lactogenesis (DOL) in puerpera with gestational hyperglycemia. Puerpera with gestational hyperglycemia who delivered at The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University in China...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96519-0 |
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| author | Rouzhi Wang Ke Liu Xufei Chen Shuhan Long Ge Yang Dan Wang Hongyu Li |
| author_facet | Rouzhi Wang Ke Liu Xufei Chen Shuhan Long Ge Yang Dan Wang Hongyu Li |
| author_sort | Rouzhi Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract To investigate the predictive value of breast milk Na+ concentration and Na+/K+ ratio on delayed onset of lactogenesis (DOL) in puerpera with gestational hyperglycemia. Puerpera with gestational hyperglycemia who delivered at The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University in China between October 20, 2023, and April 1, 2024, were enrolled. The concentrations of Na+ and K+ in breast milk samples were examined from study participants on days 1–3 of the postpartum period. The predictive value of Na+ concentration and the Na+/K+ ratio on DOL were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Both the Na+ concentration and Na+/K+ ratio in breast milk collected on day 3 could effectively predict DOL, with areas under the curve (AUCs) of the ROC curve and 95%CI values of 94.7% (95%CI = 0.901–0.992) and 94.2% (95%CI = 0.890–0.994), respectively. The optimized cutoffs were Na+ concentration ≥ 26.25 mmol/L (sensitivity = 88.2%, specificity = 92.2.8%) and Na+/K+ ratio ≥ 1.646 (sensitivity = 79.4%, specificity = 98.4%). Both the Na⁺ concentration and Na+/K+ ratio in breast milk were found to be effective in predicting DOL in puerpera with gestational hyperglycemia. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a27538eeea184dca8fb8452c78fc2ec6 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-a27538eeea184dca8fb8452c78fc2ec62025-08-20T03:10:14ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-96519-0Breast milk Na+ and Na+/K+ ratio predict delayed onset of lactogenesis in gestational hyperglycemiaRouzhi Wang0Ke Liu1Xufei Chen2Shuhan Long3Ge Yang4Dan Wang5Hongyu Li6Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical UniversityInfectious Diseases Biochemical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical UniversityDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Army Medical UniversityAbstract To investigate the predictive value of breast milk Na+ concentration and Na+/K+ ratio on delayed onset of lactogenesis (DOL) in puerpera with gestational hyperglycemia. Puerpera with gestational hyperglycemia who delivered at The First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University in China between October 20, 2023, and April 1, 2024, were enrolled. The concentrations of Na+ and K+ in breast milk samples were examined from study participants on days 1–3 of the postpartum period. The predictive value of Na+ concentration and the Na+/K+ ratio on DOL were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Both the Na+ concentration and Na+/K+ ratio in breast milk collected on day 3 could effectively predict DOL, with areas under the curve (AUCs) of the ROC curve and 95%CI values of 94.7% (95%CI = 0.901–0.992) and 94.2% (95%CI = 0.890–0.994), respectively. The optimized cutoffs were Na+ concentration ≥ 26.25 mmol/L (sensitivity = 88.2%, specificity = 92.2.8%) and Na+/K+ ratio ≥ 1.646 (sensitivity = 79.4%, specificity = 98.4%). Both the Na⁺ concentration and Na+/K+ ratio in breast milk were found to be effective in predicting DOL in puerpera with gestational hyperglycemia.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96519-0Gestational hyperglycemiaBreast milkNa+K+Delayed onset of lactogenesis stageBreast feeding |
| spellingShingle | Rouzhi Wang Ke Liu Xufei Chen Shuhan Long Ge Yang Dan Wang Hongyu Li Breast milk Na+ and Na+/K+ ratio predict delayed onset of lactogenesis in gestational hyperglycemia Scientific Reports Gestational hyperglycemia Breast milk Na+ K+ Delayed onset of lactogenesis stage Breast feeding |
| title | Breast milk Na+ and Na+/K+ ratio predict delayed onset of lactogenesis in gestational hyperglycemia |
| title_full | Breast milk Na+ and Na+/K+ ratio predict delayed onset of lactogenesis in gestational hyperglycemia |
| title_fullStr | Breast milk Na+ and Na+/K+ ratio predict delayed onset of lactogenesis in gestational hyperglycemia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Breast milk Na+ and Na+/K+ ratio predict delayed onset of lactogenesis in gestational hyperglycemia |
| title_short | Breast milk Na+ and Na+/K+ ratio predict delayed onset of lactogenesis in gestational hyperglycemia |
| title_sort | breast milk na and na k ratio predict delayed onset of lactogenesis in gestational hyperglycemia |
| topic | Gestational hyperglycemia Breast milk Na+ K+ Delayed onset of lactogenesis stage Breast feeding |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96519-0 |
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