Sea Clutter Suppression for Shipborne DRM-Based Passive Radar via Carrier Domain STAP

This paper proposes a new carrier domain approach to suppress spreading first-order sea clutter in shipborne passive radar systems using Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) signals as illuminators. The DRM signal is a broadcast signal that operates in the high-frequency (HF) band and employs orthogonal fre...

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Main Authors: Yijia Guo, Jun Geng, Xun Zhang, Haiyu Dong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/12/1985
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author Yijia Guo
Jun Geng
Xun Zhang
Haiyu Dong
author_facet Yijia Guo
Jun Geng
Xun Zhang
Haiyu Dong
author_sort Yijia Guo
collection DOAJ
description This paper proposes a new carrier domain approach to suppress spreading first-order sea clutter in shipborne passive radar systems using Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) signals as illuminators. The DRM signal is a broadcast signal that operates in the high-frequency (HF) band and employs orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation. In shipborne DRM-based passive radar, sea clutter sidelobes elevate the noise level of the clutter-plus-noise covariance matrix, thereby degrading the target signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) in traditional space–time adaptive processing (STAP). Moreover, the limited number of space–time snapshots in traditional STAP algorithms further degrades clutter suppression performance. By exploiting the multi-carrier characteristics of OFDM, this paper proposes a novel algorithm, termed Space Time Adaptive Processing by Carrier (STAP-C), to enhance clutter suppression performance. The proposed method improves the clutter suppression performance from two aspects. The first is removing the transmitted symbol information from the space–time snapshots, which significantly reduces the effect of the sea clutter sidelobes. The other is using the space–time snapshots obtained from all subcarriers, which substantially increases the number of available snapshots and thereby improves the clutter suppression performance. In addition, we combine the proposed algorithm with the dimensionality reduction algorithm to develop the Joint Domain Localized-Space Time Adaptive Processing by Carrier (JDL-STAP-C) algorithm. JDL-STAP-C algorithm transforms space–time data into the angle–Doppler domain for clutter suppression, which reduces the computational complexity. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in providing a high improvement factor (IF) and less computational time.
format Article
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issn 2072-4292
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publishDate 2025-06-01
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spelling doaj-art-a26b091dc97e4387be63ae09b61fc3332025-08-20T03:16:39ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-06-011712198510.3390/rs17121985Sea Clutter Suppression for Shipborne DRM-Based Passive Radar via Carrier Domain STAPYijia Guo0Jun Geng1Xun Zhang2Haiyu Dong3Research Institute of Electronic Engineering Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaResearch Institute of Electronic Engineering Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaResearch Institute of Electronic Engineering Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaResearch Institute of Electronic Engineering Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, ChinaThis paper proposes a new carrier domain approach to suppress spreading first-order sea clutter in shipborne passive radar systems using Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) signals as illuminators. The DRM signal is a broadcast signal that operates in the high-frequency (HF) band and employs orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation. In shipborne DRM-based passive radar, sea clutter sidelobes elevate the noise level of the clutter-plus-noise covariance matrix, thereby degrading the target signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) in traditional space–time adaptive processing (STAP). Moreover, the limited number of space–time snapshots in traditional STAP algorithms further degrades clutter suppression performance. By exploiting the multi-carrier characteristics of OFDM, this paper proposes a novel algorithm, termed Space Time Adaptive Processing by Carrier (STAP-C), to enhance clutter suppression performance. The proposed method improves the clutter suppression performance from two aspects. The first is removing the transmitted symbol information from the space–time snapshots, which significantly reduces the effect of the sea clutter sidelobes. The other is using the space–time snapshots obtained from all subcarriers, which substantially increases the number of available snapshots and thereby improves the clutter suppression performance. In addition, we combine the proposed algorithm with the dimensionality reduction algorithm to develop the Joint Domain Localized-Space Time Adaptive Processing by Carrier (JDL-STAP-C) algorithm. JDL-STAP-C algorithm transforms space–time data into the angle–Doppler domain for clutter suppression, which reduces the computational complexity. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in providing a high improvement factor (IF) and less computational time.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/12/1985clutter suppressionJDLshipborne DRM-based passive radarSTAP-C
spellingShingle Yijia Guo
Jun Geng
Xun Zhang
Haiyu Dong
Sea Clutter Suppression for Shipborne DRM-Based Passive Radar via Carrier Domain STAP
Remote Sensing
clutter suppression
JDL
shipborne DRM-based passive radar
STAP-C
title Sea Clutter Suppression for Shipborne DRM-Based Passive Radar via Carrier Domain STAP
title_full Sea Clutter Suppression for Shipborne DRM-Based Passive Radar via Carrier Domain STAP
title_fullStr Sea Clutter Suppression for Shipborne DRM-Based Passive Radar via Carrier Domain STAP
title_full_unstemmed Sea Clutter Suppression for Shipborne DRM-Based Passive Radar via Carrier Domain STAP
title_short Sea Clutter Suppression for Shipborne DRM-Based Passive Radar via Carrier Domain STAP
title_sort sea clutter suppression for shipborne drm based passive radar via carrier domain stap
topic clutter suppression
JDL
shipborne DRM-based passive radar
STAP-C
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/12/1985
work_keys_str_mv AT yijiaguo seacluttersuppressionforshipbornedrmbasedpassiveradarviacarrierdomainstap
AT jungeng seacluttersuppressionforshipbornedrmbasedpassiveradarviacarrierdomainstap
AT xunzhang seacluttersuppressionforshipbornedrmbasedpassiveradarviacarrierdomainstap
AT haiyudong seacluttersuppressionforshipbornedrmbasedpassiveradarviacarrierdomainstap