Effectiveness of open-source Android artificial pancreas systems for glucose management in patients with type 1 diabetes: a real-world study
Background: Practice of Open-source Android artificial pancreas systems (AAPS) among Chinese patients is increasing, but data on their effectiveness is lacking. Objectives: This study evaluates the effectiveness of AAPS compared with sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy among people with type 1 diabe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SAGE Publishing
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/20420188251350210 |
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| author | Qin Wang Xianming Li Wenhao Zhang Hao Wang Jie Tang Yu Ding Xueying Zheng Sihui Luo |
| author_facet | Qin Wang Xianming Li Wenhao Zhang Hao Wang Jie Tang Yu Ding Xueying Zheng Sihui Luo |
| author_sort | Qin Wang |
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| description | Background: Practice of Open-source Android artificial pancreas systems (AAPS) among Chinese patients is increasing, but data on their effectiveness is lacking. Objectives: This study evaluates the effectiveness of AAPS compared with sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy among people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in China. Design: A real-world, case-control study. Methods: We conducted this study among patients with T1D who had used AAPS or SAP therapy for >3 months. Propensity score matching (1:1) based on onset age, duration, gender, and baseline tight glucose range (time in the tight glucose range (TITR) 70–140 mg/dL) was performed. Key glycemic outcomes were analyzed. Results: One hundred forty-two T1D people using AAPS and 142 matched people receiving SAP therapy were included (56.00% female). Age and duration of T1D were 26.40 (interquartile range (IQR) 11.30–34.70) and 3.20 (IQR 0.87–9.12) years, respectively. Baseline TITR and time in the target glucose range (TIR) of 70–180 mg/dL were 57.10 ± 18.30% and 79.30% (IQR 68.50–88.30), respectively. After 3 months, the AAPS group had better TITR (60.52 ± 14.57% vs 56.20 ± 17.22%, adjusted difference, 3.91%; p < 0.05) and TIR (79.12 ± 11.24% vs 77.37% (IQR 64.51–85.87), adjusted difference, 3.42%; p < 0.001) compared with the control group. In addition, time in hypoglycemia was shorter in the AAPS group than in the control group during the study (4.05% (IQR 2.52–6.78) vs 5.68% (IQR 2.69–10.11); adjusted difference, −1.17%; p < 0.05). Stratified analysis showed females, with a baseline glucose management indicator (GMI) < 7% and those aged over 18 years benefit more in the AAPS group. After adjusting for age, gender, duration of T1D, and baseline GMI, logistic regression analysis showed the AAPS group had a higher percentage of TITR improvement >5% than that in the control group (odds ratio = 1.73, 95% confidence interval (1.03, 2.92), p < 0.05). Conclusion: AAPS is associated with significant improvements in glycemic control, without increasing hypoglycemia, compared to SAP therapy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a20e1735a0824547b7e653833c5ced5f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2042-0196 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism |
| spelling | doaj-art-a20e1735a0824547b7e653833c5ced5f2025-08-20T03:26:43ZengSAGE PublishingTherapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism2042-01962025-06-011610.1177/20420188251350210Effectiveness of open-source Android artificial pancreas systems for glucose management in patients with type 1 diabetes: a real-world studyQin WangXianming LiWenhao ZhangHao WangJie TangYu DingXueying ZhengSihui LuoBackground: Practice of Open-source Android artificial pancreas systems (AAPS) among Chinese patients is increasing, but data on their effectiveness is lacking. Objectives: This study evaluates the effectiveness of AAPS compared with sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy among people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in China. Design: A real-world, case-control study. Methods: We conducted this study among patients with T1D who had used AAPS or SAP therapy for >3 months. Propensity score matching (1:1) based on onset age, duration, gender, and baseline tight glucose range (time in the tight glucose range (TITR) 70–140 mg/dL) was performed. Key glycemic outcomes were analyzed. Results: One hundred forty-two T1D people using AAPS and 142 matched people receiving SAP therapy were included (56.00% female). Age and duration of T1D were 26.40 (interquartile range (IQR) 11.30–34.70) and 3.20 (IQR 0.87–9.12) years, respectively. Baseline TITR and time in the target glucose range (TIR) of 70–180 mg/dL were 57.10 ± 18.30% and 79.30% (IQR 68.50–88.30), respectively. After 3 months, the AAPS group had better TITR (60.52 ± 14.57% vs 56.20 ± 17.22%, adjusted difference, 3.91%; p < 0.05) and TIR (79.12 ± 11.24% vs 77.37% (IQR 64.51–85.87), adjusted difference, 3.42%; p < 0.001) compared with the control group. In addition, time in hypoglycemia was shorter in the AAPS group than in the control group during the study (4.05% (IQR 2.52–6.78) vs 5.68% (IQR 2.69–10.11); adjusted difference, −1.17%; p < 0.05). Stratified analysis showed females, with a baseline glucose management indicator (GMI) < 7% and those aged over 18 years benefit more in the AAPS group. After adjusting for age, gender, duration of T1D, and baseline GMI, logistic regression analysis showed the AAPS group had a higher percentage of TITR improvement >5% than that in the control group (odds ratio = 1.73, 95% confidence interval (1.03, 2.92), p < 0.05). Conclusion: AAPS is associated with significant improvements in glycemic control, without increasing hypoglycemia, compared to SAP therapy.https://doi.org/10.1177/20420188251350210 |
| spellingShingle | Qin Wang Xianming Li Wenhao Zhang Hao Wang Jie Tang Yu Ding Xueying Zheng Sihui Luo Effectiveness of open-source Android artificial pancreas systems for glucose management in patients with type 1 diabetes: a real-world study Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism |
| title | Effectiveness of open-source Android artificial pancreas systems for glucose management in patients with type 1 diabetes: a real-world study |
| title_full | Effectiveness of open-source Android artificial pancreas systems for glucose management in patients with type 1 diabetes: a real-world study |
| title_fullStr | Effectiveness of open-source Android artificial pancreas systems for glucose management in patients with type 1 diabetes: a real-world study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effectiveness of open-source Android artificial pancreas systems for glucose management in patients with type 1 diabetes: a real-world study |
| title_short | Effectiveness of open-source Android artificial pancreas systems for glucose management in patients with type 1 diabetes: a real-world study |
| title_sort | effectiveness of open source android artificial pancreas systems for glucose management in patients with type 1 diabetes a real world study |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/20420188251350210 |
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