Optical coherence tomography findings in patients with diabetic macular edema: A retrospective analysis
BACKGROUND: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of vision loss in diabetic people. DME can be treated with various medications, including intravitreal injections, laser therapy, and surgery. Early detection and treatment of DME is essential to prevent vision loss. The study aimed to desc...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Oman Journal of Ophthalmology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ojo.ojo_23_24 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850030038433398784 |
|---|---|
| author | Manjunathan Sivarasu Gopinath Madheswaran Saranya Sachi Balasubramaniam Chinnasamy Balasubramaniam |
| author_facet | Manjunathan Sivarasu Gopinath Madheswaran Saranya Sachi Balasubramaniam Chinnasamy Balasubramaniam |
| author_sort | Manjunathan Sivarasu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BACKGROUND:
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of vision loss in diabetic people. DME can be treated with various medications, including intravitreal injections, laser therapy, and surgery. Early detection and treatment of DME is essential to prevent vision loss. The study aimed to describe patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics with DME, optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings, and visual acuity outcomes.
METHODOLOGY:
A retrospective study reviewed case records of patients with DME between 2017 and 2020. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and examination results were extracted and analyzed using Microsoft Excel (2013). All patients clinically diagnosed with DME underwent assessment by OCT examination. DME was classified based on OCT findings. Statistical significance was observed at P < 0.05.
RESULTS:
This retrospective study included 213 eyes of 134 patients, of which 77.6% were male and 22.4% were female. Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) was present in 51.64% of eyes, and PDR was present in 48.36%. Focal, diffuse, and cystoid macular edema was observed in 68, 31, and 65 eyes, respectively. Tractional macular edema was seen in 16 eyes with posterior hyaloid traction, 13 with epiretinal membrane (ERM), and one with both conditions. DME associated with subretinal fluid (SRF) detachment was seen in 8.92% of eyes. The mean (standard deviation) central retinal thickness was 284.5 (28.9), 434.0 (97.5), 426.5 (27.5), 510.5 (14.1), and 465.5 (280.7) μm in focal, diffuse, cystoid, ERM, and SRF, respectively. Increased central retinal thickness was associated with decreased visual acuity (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION:
The findings of this study suggest that DME is a common and visually significant complication of diabetes. The OCT findings can be used to classify DME into different subtypes, which may help to guide treatment decisions. Focal edema was the most common type of DME with the least central retinal thickness. In NPDR, focal macular edema was the most common; in PDR, cystoid edema was the most common. Cystoid edema was the most common type in the subgroup of patients with recurrent DME following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a2071a9633c64eec8699e6123e388313 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0974-620X 0974-7842 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Oman Journal of Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj-art-a2071a9633c64eec8699e6123e3883132025-08-20T02:59:20ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsOman Journal of Ophthalmology0974-620X0974-78422025-01-01181222710.4103/ojo.ojo_23_24Optical coherence tomography findings in patients with diabetic macular edema: A retrospective analysisManjunathan SivarasuGopinath MadheswaranSaranya Sachi BalasubramaniamChinnasamy BalasubramaniamBACKGROUND: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a leading cause of vision loss in diabetic people. DME can be treated with various medications, including intravitreal injections, laser therapy, and surgery. Early detection and treatment of DME is essential to prevent vision loss. The study aimed to describe patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics with DME, optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings, and visual acuity outcomes. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective study reviewed case records of patients with DME between 2017 and 2020. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and examination results were extracted and analyzed using Microsoft Excel (2013). All patients clinically diagnosed with DME underwent assessment by OCT examination. DME was classified based on OCT findings. Statistical significance was observed at P < 0.05. RESULTS: This retrospective study included 213 eyes of 134 patients, of which 77.6% were male and 22.4% were female. Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) was present in 51.64% of eyes, and PDR was present in 48.36%. Focal, diffuse, and cystoid macular edema was observed in 68, 31, and 65 eyes, respectively. Tractional macular edema was seen in 16 eyes with posterior hyaloid traction, 13 with epiretinal membrane (ERM), and one with both conditions. DME associated with subretinal fluid (SRF) detachment was seen in 8.92% of eyes. The mean (standard deviation) central retinal thickness was 284.5 (28.9), 434.0 (97.5), 426.5 (27.5), 510.5 (14.1), and 465.5 (280.7) μm in focal, diffuse, cystoid, ERM, and SRF, respectively. Increased central retinal thickness was associated with decreased visual acuity (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that DME is a common and visually significant complication of diabetes. The OCT findings can be used to classify DME into different subtypes, which may help to guide treatment decisions. Focal edema was the most common type of DME with the least central retinal thickness. In NPDR, focal macular edema was the most common; in PDR, cystoid edema was the most common. Cystoid edema was the most common type in the subgroup of patients with recurrent DME following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injection.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ojo.ojo_23_24central retinal thicknessdiabetic macular edemanonproliferative diabetic retinopathyoptical coherence tomographyproliferative diabetic retinopathyvisual acuity |
| spellingShingle | Manjunathan Sivarasu Gopinath Madheswaran Saranya Sachi Balasubramaniam Chinnasamy Balasubramaniam Optical coherence tomography findings in patients with diabetic macular edema: A retrospective analysis Oman Journal of Ophthalmology central retinal thickness diabetic macular edema nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy optical coherence tomography proliferative diabetic retinopathy visual acuity |
| title | Optical coherence tomography findings in patients with diabetic macular edema: A retrospective analysis |
| title_full | Optical coherence tomography findings in patients with diabetic macular edema: A retrospective analysis |
| title_fullStr | Optical coherence tomography findings in patients with diabetic macular edema: A retrospective analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optical coherence tomography findings in patients with diabetic macular edema: A retrospective analysis |
| title_short | Optical coherence tomography findings in patients with diabetic macular edema: A retrospective analysis |
| title_sort | optical coherence tomography findings in patients with diabetic macular edema a retrospective analysis |
| topic | central retinal thickness diabetic macular edema nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy optical coherence tomography proliferative diabetic retinopathy visual acuity |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/ojo.ojo_23_24 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT manjunathansivarasu opticalcoherencetomographyfindingsinpatientswithdiabeticmacularedemaaretrospectiveanalysis AT gopinathmadheswaran opticalcoherencetomographyfindingsinpatientswithdiabeticmacularedemaaretrospectiveanalysis AT saranyasachibalasubramaniam opticalcoherencetomographyfindingsinpatientswithdiabeticmacularedemaaretrospectiveanalysis AT chinnasamybalasubramaniam opticalcoherencetomographyfindingsinpatientswithdiabeticmacularedemaaretrospectiveanalysis |