Fast report: performance of the ETAS model in forecasting aftershock occurrence and site-specific ground-shaking intensity for the 2025 Dapu, Taiwan, earthquake sequence

Abstract The 2025 Dapu, Taiwan, earthquake sequence highlights the need for real-time aftershock and ground-shaking forecasts to support disaster response and risk mitigation. This study applies the space–time epidemic-type aftershock-sequence (ETAS) model, integrated with a ground motion model, to...

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Main Authors: Ming-Che Hsieh, Min-Hsuan Chang, Yu-Chen Tai, Chun-Te Chen, Ting-Ying Lu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-04-01
Series:Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44195-025-00097-7
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author Ming-Che Hsieh
Min-Hsuan Chang
Yu-Chen Tai
Chun-Te Chen
Ting-Ying Lu
author_facet Ming-Che Hsieh
Min-Hsuan Chang
Yu-Chen Tai
Chun-Te Chen
Ting-Ying Lu
author_sort Ming-Che Hsieh
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The 2025 Dapu, Taiwan, earthquake sequence highlights the need for real-time aftershock and ground-shaking forecasts to support disaster response and risk mitigation. This study applies the space–time epidemic-type aftershock-sequence (ETAS) model, integrated with a ground motion model, to simulate aftershock occurrence and site-specific ground-shaking intensity for the Dapu earthquake sequence. Using a real-time $${M}_{L}\ge 3.0$$ M L ≥ 3.0 earthquake catalog, seismicity rates are estimated, and 1,000 sets of synthetic earthquake catalogs are generated for each forecast period. Results indicate that the workflow effectively forecasts aftershock activity and shaking intensity, with probabilities for $${M}_{L}\ge 5.0$$ M L ≥ 5.0 events increasing from 30.5% within 1 day to 67.8% within 10 days, aligning with observed aftershocks. The probabilistic ground-shaking intensity forecasts for the Chiayi and Tainan stations demonstrate the model’s accuracy, capturing the spatiotemporal evolution of aftershocks. This approach enhances operational earthquake and aftershock forecasting, providing actionable insights for emergency preparedness in Taiwan.
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institution OA Journals
issn 1017-0839
2311-7680
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Springer
record_format Article
series Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
spelling doaj-art-a201da56423d4ece94fe44d45467e9df2025-08-20T01:56:01ZengSpringerTerrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences1017-08392311-76802025-04-013611810.1007/s44195-025-00097-7Fast report: performance of the ETAS model in forecasting aftershock occurrence and site-specific ground-shaking intensity for the 2025 Dapu, Taiwan, earthquake sequenceMing-Che Hsieh0Min-Hsuan Chang1Yu-Chen Tai2Chun-Te Chen3Ting-Ying Lu4Earthquake Disaster & Risk Evaluation and Management Center (E-DREaM), National Central UniversityEarthquake Disaster & Risk Evaluation and Management Center (E-DREaM), National Central UniversityDepartment of Earth Sciences, National Central UniversityDisaster Prevention Technology Research Center, Sinotech Engineering Consultants (Inc.)Department of Earth Sciences, National Central UniversityAbstract The 2025 Dapu, Taiwan, earthquake sequence highlights the need for real-time aftershock and ground-shaking forecasts to support disaster response and risk mitigation. This study applies the space–time epidemic-type aftershock-sequence (ETAS) model, integrated with a ground motion model, to simulate aftershock occurrence and site-specific ground-shaking intensity for the Dapu earthquake sequence. Using a real-time $${M}_{L}\ge 3.0$$ M L ≥ 3.0 earthquake catalog, seismicity rates are estimated, and 1,000 sets of synthetic earthquake catalogs are generated for each forecast period. Results indicate that the workflow effectively forecasts aftershock activity and shaking intensity, with probabilities for $${M}_{L}\ge 5.0$$ M L ≥ 5.0 events increasing from 30.5% within 1 day to 67.8% within 10 days, aligning with observed aftershocks. The probabilistic ground-shaking intensity forecasts for the Chiayi and Tainan stations demonstrate the model’s accuracy, capturing the spatiotemporal evolution of aftershocks. This approach enhances operational earthquake and aftershock forecasting, providing actionable insights for emergency preparedness in Taiwan.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44195-025-00097-7Dapu earthquakeEpidemic-type aftershock sequenceGround motion model
spellingShingle Ming-Che Hsieh
Min-Hsuan Chang
Yu-Chen Tai
Chun-Te Chen
Ting-Ying Lu
Fast report: performance of the ETAS model in forecasting aftershock occurrence and site-specific ground-shaking intensity for the 2025 Dapu, Taiwan, earthquake sequence
Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
Dapu earthquake
Epidemic-type aftershock sequence
Ground motion model
title Fast report: performance of the ETAS model in forecasting aftershock occurrence and site-specific ground-shaking intensity for the 2025 Dapu, Taiwan, earthquake sequence
title_full Fast report: performance of the ETAS model in forecasting aftershock occurrence and site-specific ground-shaking intensity for the 2025 Dapu, Taiwan, earthquake sequence
title_fullStr Fast report: performance of the ETAS model in forecasting aftershock occurrence and site-specific ground-shaking intensity for the 2025 Dapu, Taiwan, earthquake sequence
title_full_unstemmed Fast report: performance of the ETAS model in forecasting aftershock occurrence and site-specific ground-shaking intensity for the 2025 Dapu, Taiwan, earthquake sequence
title_short Fast report: performance of the ETAS model in forecasting aftershock occurrence and site-specific ground-shaking intensity for the 2025 Dapu, Taiwan, earthquake sequence
title_sort fast report performance of the etas model in forecasting aftershock occurrence and site specific ground shaking intensity for the 2025 dapu taiwan earthquake sequence
topic Dapu earthquake
Epidemic-type aftershock sequence
Ground motion model
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44195-025-00097-7
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