Photomediated ion dynamics enables multi-modal learning, memory and sensing in ultralow-voltage organic electrochemical device

Abstract Ion signaling enables biological systems to implement learning, memory and sensing tasks in an energy-efficient manner. Organic electrochemical transistors are promising building blocks for mimicking ion-driven processes in the organism due to the iontronic coupling. However, the ion kineti...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Guocai Liu, Wei Wen, Cong Shan, Haojie Huang, Yao Zhao, Yangshuang Bian, Yunlong Guo, Hui Huang, Yunqi Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61783-1
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849764032400064512
author Guocai Liu
Wei Wen
Cong Shan
Haojie Huang
Yao Zhao
Yangshuang Bian
Yunlong Guo
Hui Huang
Yunqi Liu
author_facet Guocai Liu
Wei Wen
Cong Shan
Haojie Huang
Yao Zhao
Yangshuang Bian
Yunlong Guo
Hui Huang
Yunqi Liu
author_sort Guocai Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Ion signaling enables biological systems to implement learning, memory and sensing tasks in an energy-efficient manner. Organic electrochemical transistors are promising building blocks for mimicking ion-driven processes in the organism due to the iontronic coupling. However, the ion kinetics of diffusion back to the electrolyte poses a challenge in achieving non-volatility at ultralow gate voltages (V G) required to mimic human learning and memory capabilities. Here we report a non-volatile heterojunction organic electrochemical device (nHOED) driven by photomediated ion trap and release dynamics. Due to the efficient separation of photogenerated charges within the heterojunction, the holes can be tightly trapped by anions at the photoactive layer–channel interface. This enables the device to realize multibit memory (over 100 distinct memory states) over a broad wavelength spectrum of 365–660 nm. Consequently, the nHOED can effectively replicate the learning, memory and sensing capabilities of the human neural system. In addition, the protocol avoids the injection of trap-function anions into the channel, facilitating the device to achieve non-volatility in the absence of V G. Moreover, by employing a vertical traverse architecture that offers the advantage of a short channel, the operating voltage of the nHOED has been reduced to 0.1 V.
format Article
id doaj-art-a1fa4f72b78f44a0bd355797f4a1db9d
institution DOAJ
issn 2041-1723
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-a1fa4f72b78f44a0bd355797f4a1db9d2025-08-20T03:05:14ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111010.1038/s41467-025-61783-1Photomediated ion dynamics enables multi-modal learning, memory and sensing in ultralow-voltage organic electrochemical deviceGuocai Liu0Wei Wen1Cong Shan2Haojie Huang3Yao Zhao4Yangshuang Bian5Yunlong Guo6Hui Huang7Yunqi Liu8Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingAbstract Ion signaling enables biological systems to implement learning, memory and sensing tasks in an energy-efficient manner. Organic electrochemical transistors are promising building blocks for mimicking ion-driven processes in the organism due to the iontronic coupling. However, the ion kinetics of diffusion back to the electrolyte poses a challenge in achieving non-volatility at ultralow gate voltages (V G) required to mimic human learning and memory capabilities. Here we report a non-volatile heterojunction organic electrochemical device (nHOED) driven by photomediated ion trap and release dynamics. Due to the efficient separation of photogenerated charges within the heterojunction, the holes can be tightly trapped by anions at the photoactive layer–channel interface. This enables the device to realize multibit memory (over 100 distinct memory states) over a broad wavelength spectrum of 365–660 nm. Consequently, the nHOED can effectively replicate the learning, memory and sensing capabilities of the human neural system. In addition, the protocol avoids the injection of trap-function anions into the channel, facilitating the device to achieve non-volatility in the absence of V G. Moreover, by employing a vertical traverse architecture that offers the advantage of a short channel, the operating voltage of the nHOED has been reduced to 0.1 V.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61783-1
spellingShingle Guocai Liu
Wei Wen
Cong Shan
Haojie Huang
Yao Zhao
Yangshuang Bian
Yunlong Guo
Hui Huang
Yunqi Liu
Photomediated ion dynamics enables multi-modal learning, memory and sensing in ultralow-voltage organic electrochemical device
Nature Communications
title Photomediated ion dynamics enables multi-modal learning, memory and sensing in ultralow-voltage organic electrochemical device
title_full Photomediated ion dynamics enables multi-modal learning, memory and sensing in ultralow-voltage organic electrochemical device
title_fullStr Photomediated ion dynamics enables multi-modal learning, memory and sensing in ultralow-voltage organic electrochemical device
title_full_unstemmed Photomediated ion dynamics enables multi-modal learning, memory and sensing in ultralow-voltage organic electrochemical device
title_short Photomediated ion dynamics enables multi-modal learning, memory and sensing in ultralow-voltage organic electrochemical device
title_sort photomediated ion dynamics enables multi modal learning memory and sensing in ultralow voltage organic electrochemical device
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61783-1
work_keys_str_mv AT guocailiu photomediatediondynamicsenablesmultimodallearningmemoryandsensinginultralowvoltageorganicelectrochemicaldevice
AT weiwen photomediatediondynamicsenablesmultimodallearningmemoryandsensinginultralowvoltageorganicelectrochemicaldevice
AT congshan photomediatediondynamicsenablesmultimodallearningmemoryandsensinginultralowvoltageorganicelectrochemicaldevice
AT haojiehuang photomediatediondynamicsenablesmultimodallearningmemoryandsensinginultralowvoltageorganicelectrochemicaldevice
AT yaozhao photomediatediondynamicsenablesmultimodallearningmemoryandsensinginultralowvoltageorganicelectrochemicaldevice
AT yangshuangbian photomediatediondynamicsenablesmultimodallearningmemoryandsensinginultralowvoltageorganicelectrochemicaldevice
AT yunlongguo photomediatediondynamicsenablesmultimodallearningmemoryandsensinginultralowvoltageorganicelectrochemicaldevice
AT huihuang photomediatediondynamicsenablesmultimodallearningmemoryandsensinginultralowvoltageorganicelectrochemicaldevice
AT yunqiliu photomediatediondynamicsenablesmultimodallearningmemoryandsensinginultralowvoltageorganicelectrochemicaldevice