Bioinformatics-Assisted Discovery of Antioxidant Cyclic Peptides from Corn Gluten Meal

Using a multidisciplinary approach, this paper was designed to prepare, identify, and characterize novel maize antioxidant cyclic peptides from protein hydrolysate of corn gluten meal (CGM). A bioinformatics approach was used to identify the best protease, and the results showed that papain+subtilis...

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Main Authors: Hongcheng Liu, Tong Sun, He Gao, Xiaolong Liu, Shanshan Zhang, Tingting Liu, Dawei Wang, Hongxiu Fan, Yanrong Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/10/1709
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author Hongcheng Liu
Tong Sun
He Gao
Xiaolong Liu
Shanshan Zhang
Tingting Liu
Dawei Wang
Hongxiu Fan
Yanrong Zhang
author_facet Hongcheng Liu
Tong Sun
He Gao
Xiaolong Liu
Shanshan Zhang
Tingting Liu
Dawei Wang
Hongxiu Fan
Yanrong Zhang
author_sort Hongcheng Liu
collection DOAJ
description Using a multidisciplinary approach, this paper was designed to prepare, identify, and characterize novel maize antioxidant cyclic peptides from protein hydrolysate of corn gluten meal (CGM). A bioinformatics approach was used to identify the best protease, and the results showed that papain+subtilisin was most likely to produce antioxidant cyclic peptides. The result of the enzymatic hydrolysis validation experiment showed that hydrolysate by papain+subtilisin yielded the highest concentration of cyclic peptide (67.14 ± 1.88%) and remarkable DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging rates (81.06 ± 2.23%, 82.82 ± 1.83%, and 47.44 ± 2.43%, respectively) compared to other hydrolysates. Eleven antioxidant cyclic peptides were identified in the protein hydrolysate of CGM through sequential purification and mass spectrometry analysis. The results of molecular docking analysis indicated that the cyclic peptides can form stable hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with the key amino acid residues of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Cyclic peptides may regulate the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway by occupying the Kelch domain of Keap1, inhibiting the ubiquitination degradation of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), thereby stabilizing the Nrf2 protein and activating the antioxidant gene network. This study underlined the bioinformatics approach for antioxidant cyclic peptide discovery, which is time- and cost-effective and promotes new cyclic peptide drugs or functional food development.
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issn 2304-8158
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publishDate 2025-05-01
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spelling doaj-art-a1f5ed35655541fcbc577ddfd04f159e2025-08-20T03:47:57ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-05-011410170910.3390/foods14101709Bioinformatics-Assisted Discovery of Antioxidant Cyclic Peptides from Corn Gluten MealHongcheng Liu0Tong Sun1He Gao2Xiaolong Liu3Shanshan Zhang4Tingting Liu5Dawei Wang6Hongxiu Fan7Yanrong Zhang8School of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaScientific Research Base of Edible Mushroom Processing Technology Integration of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130118, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaSchool of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, ChinaUsing a multidisciplinary approach, this paper was designed to prepare, identify, and characterize novel maize antioxidant cyclic peptides from protein hydrolysate of corn gluten meal (CGM). A bioinformatics approach was used to identify the best protease, and the results showed that papain+subtilisin was most likely to produce antioxidant cyclic peptides. The result of the enzymatic hydrolysis validation experiment showed that hydrolysate by papain+subtilisin yielded the highest concentration of cyclic peptide (67.14 ± 1.88%) and remarkable DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radical scavenging rates (81.06 ± 2.23%, 82.82 ± 1.83%, and 47.44 ± 2.43%, respectively) compared to other hydrolysates. Eleven antioxidant cyclic peptides were identified in the protein hydrolysate of CGM through sequential purification and mass spectrometry analysis. The results of molecular docking analysis indicated that the cyclic peptides can form stable hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with the key amino acid residues of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Cyclic peptides may regulate the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway by occupying the Kelch domain of Keap1, inhibiting the ubiquitination degradation of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2), thereby stabilizing the Nrf2 protein and activating the antioxidant gene network. This study underlined the bioinformatics approach for antioxidant cyclic peptide discovery, which is time- and cost-effective and promotes new cyclic peptide drugs or functional food development.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/10/1709antioxidant cyclic peptidebioinformaticsstructural characterizationmolecular docking
spellingShingle Hongcheng Liu
Tong Sun
He Gao
Xiaolong Liu
Shanshan Zhang
Tingting Liu
Dawei Wang
Hongxiu Fan
Yanrong Zhang
Bioinformatics-Assisted Discovery of Antioxidant Cyclic Peptides from Corn Gluten Meal
Foods
antioxidant cyclic peptide
bioinformatics
structural characterization
molecular docking
title Bioinformatics-Assisted Discovery of Antioxidant Cyclic Peptides from Corn Gluten Meal
title_full Bioinformatics-Assisted Discovery of Antioxidant Cyclic Peptides from Corn Gluten Meal
title_fullStr Bioinformatics-Assisted Discovery of Antioxidant Cyclic Peptides from Corn Gluten Meal
title_full_unstemmed Bioinformatics-Assisted Discovery of Antioxidant Cyclic Peptides from Corn Gluten Meal
title_short Bioinformatics-Assisted Discovery of Antioxidant Cyclic Peptides from Corn Gluten Meal
title_sort bioinformatics assisted discovery of antioxidant cyclic peptides from corn gluten meal
topic antioxidant cyclic peptide
bioinformatics
structural characterization
molecular docking
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/10/1709
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