Data-driven discovery of chemical signatures for developing new inhibitors against human influenza viruses

Abstract This study presents cheminformatics analysis of the antiviral chemical space targeting human influenza A and B viruses. By curating 407,366 small molecules from ChEMBL and PubChem, we evaluated physicochemical properties, structural motifs, and activity trends across phenotypic and target-b...

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Main Authors: Levon Kharatyan, Smbat Gevorgyan, Hamlet Khachatryan, Anastasiya Shavina, Astghik Hakobyan, Mher Matevosyan, Hovakim Zakaryan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:BMC Chemistry
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-025-01540-z
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author Levon Kharatyan
Smbat Gevorgyan
Hamlet Khachatryan
Anastasiya Shavina
Astghik Hakobyan
Mher Matevosyan
Hovakim Zakaryan
author_facet Levon Kharatyan
Smbat Gevorgyan
Hamlet Khachatryan
Anastasiya Shavina
Astghik Hakobyan
Mher Matevosyan
Hovakim Zakaryan
author_sort Levon Kharatyan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study presents cheminformatics analysis of the antiviral chemical space targeting human influenza A and B viruses. By curating 407,366 small molecules from ChEMBL and PubChem, we evaluated physicochemical properties, structural motifs, and activity trends across phenotypic and target-based assays. We found that 90.6% of evaluated molecules met Lipinski’s Rule of Five, with active compounds exhibiting higher topological polar surface area and hydrogen bond donor groups. Target-specific analyses revealed distinct profiles for neuraminidase (NA) and hemagglutinin (HA) inhibitors, including larger molecular weights and increased rotatable bonds. Structural characterization identified cyclohexene, dihydropyran, and pyrimidine rings as prevalent in highly active molecules, while phthalimide motifs correlated with inactivity. Clustering of phenotypic assay data highlighted four promising and unique antiviral candidates, with unexplored chemical space. We also identified five multi-target scaffolds, including the curcumin-like scaffold, demonstrating dual inhibitory potential against two viral proteins. Molecular docking experiments on molecules within one of these multi-target scaffolds indicated their potential as initial hit candidates. Combined RMSD, PDF and DCCM analyses across molecular dynamics simulations elucidated the binding behaviour of five curcumin-like candidates. Two ligands remained as stable as the reference antivirals, one showed target-specific loss of affinity, and two dissociated rapidly, indicating that the stable pair should be prioritised for subsequent in vitro validation. Overall, the findings of this study can aid computer-aided drug design efforts, contributing to the development of novel antiviral agents against human influenza viruses.
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spelling doaj-art-a1f4b1bc1bb844e689370d7048924da32025-08-20T03:10:38ZengBMCBMC Chemistry2661-801X2025-06-0119111710.1186/s13065-025-01540-zData-driven discovery of chemical signatures for developing new inhibitors against human influenza virusesLevon Kharatyan0Smbat Gevorgyan1Hamlet Khachatryan2Anastasiya Shavina3Astghik Hakobyan4Mher Matevosyan5Hovakim Zakaryan6Denovo Sciences IncDenovo Sciences IncDenovo Sciences IncDenovo Sciences IncLaboratory of Antiviral Drug Discovery, Institute of Molecular Biology of NASDenovo Sciences IncDenovo Sciences IncAbstract This study presents cheminformatics analysis of the antiviral chemical space targeting human influenza A and B viruses. By curating 407,366 small molecules from ChEMBL and PubChem, we evaluated physicochemical properties, structural motifs, and activity trends across phenotypic and target-based assays. We found that 90.6% of evaluated molecules met Lipinski’s Rule of Five, with active compounds exhibiting higher topological polar surface area and hydrogen bond donor groups. Target-specific analyses revealed distinct profiles for neuraminidase (NA) and hemagglutinin (HA) inhibitors, including larger molecular weights and increased rotatable bonds. Structural characterization identified cyclohexene, dihydropyran, and pyrimidine rings as prevalent in highly active molecules, while phthalimide motifs correlated with inactivity. Clustering of phenotypic assay data highlighted four promising and unique antiviral candidates, with unexplored chemical space. We also identified five multi-target scaffolds, including the curcumin-like scaffold, demonstrating dual inhibitory potential against two viral proteins. Molecular docking experiments on molecules within one of these multi-target scaffolds indicated their potential as initial hit candidates. Combined RMSD, PDF and DCCM analyses across molecular dynamics simulations elucidated the binding behaviour of five curcumin-like candidates. Two ligands remained as stable as the reference antivirals, one showed target-specific loss of affinity, and two dissociated rapidly, indicating that the stable pair should be prioritised for subsequent in vitro validation. Overall, the findings of this study can aid computer-aided drug design efforts, contributing to the development of novel antiviral agents against human influenza viruses.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-025-01540-zCheminformaticsAntiviral agentsInfluenzaNeuraminidase inhibitorMulti-targetMolecular docking
spellingShingle Levon Kharatyan
Smbat Gevorgyan
Hamlet Khachatryan
Anastasiya Shavina
Astghik Hakobyan
Mher Matevosyan
Hovakim Zakaryan
Data-driven discovery of chemical signatures for developing new inhibitors against human influenza viruses
BMC Chemistry
Cheminformatics
Antiviral agents
Influenza
Neuraminidase inhibitor
Multi-target
Molecular docking
title Data-driven discovery of chemical signatures for developing new inhibitors against human influenza viruses
title_full Data-driven discovery of chemical signatures for developing new inhibitors against human influenza viruses
title_fullStr Data-driven discovery of chemical signatures for developing new inhibitors against human influenza viruses
title_full_unstemmed Data-driven discovery of chemical signatures for developing new inhibitors against human influenza viruses
title_short Data-driven discovery of chemical signatures for developing new inhibitors against human influenza viruses
title_sort data driven discovery of chemical signatures for developing new inhibitors against human influenza viruses
topic Cheminformatics
Antiviral agents
Influenza
Neuraminidase inhibitor
Multi-target
Molecular docking
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-025-01540-z
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