Single-cell profiling reveals periosteal signatures of impaired periosteal cells proliferation in a drill-hole model of type 2 diabetes

Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an elevated fracture risk and impaired healing, but the periosteum’s role in delayed repair remains unclear. In db/db mice, both trabecular and cortical bone mass were reduced, with single-cell RNA sequencing revealing downregulation of the...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xing Ji, Jiahao Luo, Yangxun He, Xinhua Hu, Taotao Xu, Yuanlong Wang, Sijun Pan, Jiali Yao, Weiwei Hu, Ximei Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Cell Communication and Signaling
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-025-02349-y
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849764519610417152
author Xing Ji
Jiahao Luo
Yangxun He
Xinhua Hu
Taotao Xu
Yuanlong Wang
Sijun Pan
Jiali Yao
Weiwei Hu
Ximei Wu
author_facet Xing Ji
Jiahao Luo
Yangxun He
Xinhua Hu
Taotao Xu
Yuanlong Wang
Sijun Pan
Jiali Yao
Weiwei Hu
Ximei Wu
author_sort Xing Ji
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an elevated fracture risk and impaired healing, but the periosteum’s role in delayed repair remains unclear. In db/db mice, both trabecular and cortical bone mass were reduced, with single-cell RNA sequencing revealing downregulation of the Wnt pathway in osteogenic periosteal cells, which is critical for maintaining cortical bone. Transcriptomic analysis of periosteal cells from humans with T2DM further underscored the evolutionary conservation of osteogenic properties. A comprehensive atlas of periosteal cells under WT and T2DM conditions, pre- and post-fracture, identified induced fibrogenic cells as essential for fracture repair. Further analysis confirmed that induced fibrogenic cells contribute to both intramembranous and endochondral ossification. Importantly, we identified Fibrinogen-like Protein 2 (FGL2), expressed by fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) and periosteal cells, as a key factor hindering healing by suppressing periosteal proliferation through mitochondrial regulation via the mTORC1 pathway. These findings highlight the periosteal heterogeneity and dynamics involved in delayed fracture healing in T2DM.
format Article
id doaj-art-a1f20122f16b4adaa225a6935174ee40
institution DOAJ
issn 1478-811X
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series Cell Communication and Signaling
spelling doaj-art-a1f20122f16b4adaa225a6935174ee402025-08-20T03:05:07ZengBMCCell Communication and Signaling1478-811X2025-08-0123111810.1186/s12964-025-02349-ySingle-cell profiling reveals periosteal signatures of impaired periosteal cells proliferation in a drill-hole model of type 2 diabetesXing Ji0Jiahao Luo1Yangxun He2Xinhua Hu3Taotao Xu4Yuanlong Wang5Sijun Pan6Jiali Yao7Weiwei Hu8Ximei Wu9Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of MedicineDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of MedicineDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of MedicineDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineDepartment of Orthopedics Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityAnji People’s Hospital, Affiliated Anji Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City UniversityAnji People’s Hospital, Affiliated Anji Hospital, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City UniversityShulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren UniversityDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of MedicineDepartment of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of MedicineAbstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with an elevated fracture risk and impaired healing, but the periosteum’s role in delayed repair remains unclear. In db/db mice, both trabecular and cortical bone mass were reduced, with single-cell RNA sequencing revealing downregulation of the Wnt pathway in osteogenic periosteal cells, which is critical for maintaining cortical bone. Transcriptomic analysis of periosteal cells from humans with T2DM further underscored the evolutionary conservation of osteogenic properties. A comprehensive atlas of periosteal cells under WT and T2DM conditions, pre- and post-fracture, identified induced fibrogenic cells as essential for fracture repair. Further analysis confirmed that induced fibrogenic cells contribute to both intramembranous and endochondral ossification. Importantly, we identified Fibrinogen-like Protein 2 (FGL2), expressed by fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) and periosteal cells, as a key factor hindering healing by suppressing periosteal proliferation through mitochondrial regulation via the mTORC1 pathway. These findings highlight the periosteal heterogeneity and dynamics involved in delayed fracture healing in T2DM.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-025-02349-yPeriosteumT2DMDelayed fracture healingFibrinogen-like Protein 2ScRNA-seq
spellingShingle Xing Ji
Jiahao Luo
Yangxun He
Xinhua Hu
Taotao Xu
Yuanlong Wang
Sijun Pan
Jiali Yao
Weiwei Hu
Ximei Wu
Single-cell profiling reveals periosteal signatures of impaired periosteal cells proliferation in a drill-hole model of type 2 diabetes
Cell Communication and Signaling
Periosteum
T2DM
Delayed fracture healing
Fibrinogen-like Protein 2
ScRNA-seq
title Single-cell profiling reveals periosteal signatures of impaired periosteal cells proliferation in a drill-hole model of type 2 diabetes
title_full Single-cell profiling reveals periosteal signatures of impaired periosteal cells proliferation in a drill-hole model of type 2 diabetes
title_fullStr Single-cell profiling reveals periosteal signatures of impaired periosteal cells proliferation in a drill-hole model of type 2 diabetes
title_full_unstemmed Single-cell profiling reveals periosteal signatures of impaired periosteal cells proliferation in a drill-hole model of type 2 diabetes
title_short Single-cell profiling reveals periosteal signatures of impaired periosteal cells proliferation in a drill-hole model of type 2 diabetes
title_sort single cell profiling reveals periosteal signatures of impaired periosteal cells proliferation in a drill hole model of type 2 diabetes
topic Periosteum
T2DM
Delayed fracture healing
Fibrinogen-like Protein 2
ScRNA-seq
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-025-02349-y
work_keys_str_mv AT xingji singlecellprofilingrevealsperiostealsignaturesofimpairedperiostealcellsproliferationinadrillholemodeloftype2diabetes
AT jiahaoluo singlecellprofilingrevealsperiostealsignaturesofimpairedperiostealcellsproliferationinadrillholemodeloftype2diabetes
AT yangxunhe singlecellprofilingrevealsperiostealsignaturesofimpairedperiostealcellsproliferationinadrillholemodeloftype2diabetes
AT xinhuahu singlecellprofilingrevealsperiostealsignaturesofimpairedperiostealcellsproliferationinadrillholemodeloftype2diabetes
AT taotaoxu singlecellprofilingrevealsperiostealsignaturesofimpairedperiostealcellsproliferationinadrillholemodeloftype2diabetes
AT yuanlongwang singlecellprofilingrevealsperiostealsignaturesofimpairedperiostealcellsproliferationinadrillholemodeloftype2diabetes
AT sijunpan singlecellprofilingrevealsperiostealsignaturesofimpairedperiostealcellsproliferationinadrillholemodeloftype2diabetes
AT jialiyao singlecellprofilingrevealsperiostealsignaturesofimpairedperiostealcellsproliferationinadrillholemodeloftype2diabetes
AT weiweihu singlecellprofilingrevealsperiostealsignaturesofimpairedperiostealcellsproliferationinadrillholemodeloftype2diabetes
AT ximeiwu singlecellprofilingrevealsperiostealsignaturesofimpairedperiostealcellsproliferationinadrillholemodeloftype2diabetes