Thermocouple-integrated resonant microcantilever for on-chip thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) dual characterization applications

Abstract This work presents an integrated microsensor that combines the dual characterization capabilities of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). We integrated two pairs of thermocouples, heating resistors, and resonant drive/detection resistors into a single mi...

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Main Authors: Yuhang Yang, Hao Jia, Zechun Li, Zhi Cao, Haozhi Zhang, Pengcheng Xu, Xinxin Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-03-01
Series:Microsystems & Nanoengineering
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-024-00828-9
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author Yuhang Yang
Hao Jia
Zechun Li
Zhi Cao
Haozhi Zhang
Pengcheng Xu
Xinxin Li
author_facet Yuhang Yang
Hao Jia
Zechun Li
Zhi Cao
Haozhi Zhang
Pengcheng Xu
Xinxin Li
author_sort Yuhang Yang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This work presents an integrated microsensor that combines the dual characterization capabilities of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). We integrated two pairs of thermocouples, heating resistors, and resonant drive/detection resistors into a single microcantilever, where the cantilever resonant frequency shifts respond to the mass change and the output voltage of the integrated thermocouples respond to the sample temperature. This integration enables programmable temperature control, temperature variation, and mass detection on a single chip. Our chip can achieve heating and cooling rates above 600 °C/min, which is significantly faster than commercial instruments with satisfactory measurement accuracy. The integrated polysilicon thermocouples bring high power responsivity of 6 V/W, making them suitable for highly sensitive DTA measurements on a chip. Moreover, the cantilever offers picogram (10–12g) level mass resolution, reducing sample consumption from milligrams to nanogram levels. Additionally, the on-chip sample heating allows for easy observation of sample morphological evolution during heating under an optical microscope. We validated the dual functionality by conducting TGA measurements on a standard sample of calcium oxalate monohydrate (CaC2O4 ∙ H2O) and DTA measurements on high-purity indium (In) and tin (Sn). The results indicate consistent measurements with the true values of the standard sample and high measurement efficiency. Our integrated cantilever chip is anticipated to have broad applications in high-performance and efficient TGA and DTA characterization.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2055-7434
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spelling doaj-art-a1eb6ee8a2b94805955cdd50efb7c98a2025-08-20T03:40:48ZengNature Publishing GroupMicrosystems & Nanoengineering2055-74342025-03-0111111110.1038/s41378-024-00828-9Thermocouple-integrated resonant microcantilever for on-chip thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) dual characterization applicationsYuhang Yang0Hao Jia1Zechun Li2Zhi Cao3Haozhi Zhang4Pengcheng Xu5Xinxin Li6State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesSchool of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of TechnologyState Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesAbstract This work presents an integrated microsensor that combines the dual characterization capabilities of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). We integrated two pairs of thermocouples, heating resistors, and resonant drive/detection resistors into a single microcantilever, where the cantilever resonant frequency shifts respond to the mass change and the output voltage of the integrated thermocouples respond to the sample temperature. This integration enables programmable temperature control, temperature variation, and mass detection on a single chip. Our chip can achieve heating and cooling rates above 600 °C/min, which is significantly faster than commercial instruments with satisfactory measurement accuracy. The integrated polysilicon thermocouples bring high power responsivity of 6 V/W, making them suitable for highly sensitive DTA measurements on a chip. Moreover, the cantilever offers picogram (10–12g) level mass resolution, reducing sample consumption from milligrams to nanogram levels. Additionally, the on-chip sample heating allows for easy observation of sample morphological evolution during heating under an optical microscope. We validated the dual functionality by conducting TGA measurements on a standard sample of calcium oxalate monohydrate (CaC2O4 ∙ H2O) and DTA measurements on high-purity indium (In) and tin (Sn). The results indicate consistent measurements with the true values of the standard sample and high measurement efficiency. Our integrated cantilever chip is anticipated to have broad applications in high-performance and efficient TGA and DTA characterization.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-024-00828-9
spellingShingle Yuhang Yang
Hao Jia
Zechun Li
Zhi Cao
Haozhi Zhang
Pengcheng Xu
Xinxin Li
Thermocouple-integrated resonant microcantilever for on-chip thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) dual characterization applications
Microsystems & Nanoengineering
title Thermocouple-integrated resonant microcantilever for on-chip thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) dual characterization applications
title_full Thermocouple-integrated resonant microcantilever for on-chip thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) dual characterization applications
title_fullStr Thermocouple-integrated resonant microcantilever for on-chip thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) dual characterization applications
title_full_unstemmed Thermocouple-integrated resonant microcantilever for on-chip thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) dual characterization applications
title_short Thermocouple-integrated resonant microcantilever for on-chip thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) dual characterization applications
title_sort thermocouple integrated resonant microcantilever for on chip thermogravimetric tg and differential thermal analysis dta dual characterization applications
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-024-00828-9
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