Characterizing Federally Mandated Early Intervention for Children with Social Communication Delays: A Mixed-Methods Analysis

The most common way for children with social communication delays to receive intervention before age three in the United States is through Part C early intervention (EI). Part C was designed to take a multidisciplinary approach to address a range of developmental domains. The type of intervention de...

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Main Authors: Yael G. Dai, Kyle M. Frost, Ellie M. Harrington, Yael Stern, Emily R. Britsch, Brooke R. Ingersoll, Allison Wainer, Wendy L. Stone, Sarabeth Broder-Fingert, Alice S. Carter
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Behavioral Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/3/293
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author Yael G. Dai
Kyle M. Frost
Ellie M. Harrington
Yael Stern
Emily R. Britsch
Brooke R. Ingersoll
Allison Wainer
Wendy L. Stone
Sarabeth Broder-Fingert
Alice S. Carter
author_facet Yael G. Dai
Kyle M. Frost
Ellie M. Harrington
Yael Stern
Emily R. Britsch
Brooke R. Ingersoll
Allison Wainer
Wendy L. Stone
Sarabeth Broder-Fingert
Alice S. Carter
author_sort Yael G. Dai
collection DOAJ
description The most common way for children with social communication delays to receive intervention before age three in the United States is through Part C early intervention (EI). Part C was designed to take a multidisciplinary approach to address a range of developmental domains. The type of intervention delivered in Part C EI has rarely been examined through direct observation. Our team conducted a mixed-methods analysis to characterize EI sessions by 33 providers across four states. Specifically, we describe the quantity and quality of caregiver coaching based on provider report and researcher coding of EI session content. Eligible providers conducted weekly EI sessions with at least one child with social communication delays. Providers self-reported greater use of caregiver coaching relative to the video coding conducted by researchers. While there were similarities in session topics, presumed goals, and intervention strategies used across providers, differences were observed in session duration, session location, and caregiver engagement in session. This study begins to fill a substantial gap by illuminating the types of interventions children with social communication delays receive in federally mandated Part C. It also highlights the need for more specialized training and standardization in EI practices to ensure that children with social communication delays and their caregivers benefit from the most efficacious interventions during a critical time of increased brain plasticity.
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spelling doaj-art-a1e95ffa669e44ca8aede126d35149a62025-08-20T03:43:33ZengMDPI AGBehavioral Sciences2076-328X2025-03-0115329310.3390/bs15030293Characterizing Federally Mandated Early Intervention for Children with Social Communication Delays: A Mixed-Methods AnalysisYael G. Dai0Kyle M. Frost1Ellie M. Harrington2Yael Stern3Emily R. Britsch4Brooke R. Ingersoll5Allison Wainer6Wendy L. Stone7Sarabeth Broder-Fingert8Alice S. Carter9Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USADepartment of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USADepartment of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USARush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USADepartment of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USADepartment of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USARush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USADepartment of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USADepartment of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USADepartment of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USAThe most common way for children with social communication delays to receive intervention before age three in the United States is through Part C early intervention (EI). Part C was designed to take a multidisciplinary approach to address a range of developmental domains. The type of intervention delivered in Part C EI has rarely been examined through direct observation. Our team conducted a mixed-methods analysis to characterize EI sessions by 33 providers across four states. Specifically, we describe the quantity and quality of caregiver coaching based on provider report and researcher coding of EI session content. Eligible providers conducted weekly EI sessions with at least one child with social communication delays. Providers self-reported greater use of caregiver coaching relative to the video coding conducted by researchers. While there were similarities in session topics, presumed goals, and intervention strategies used across providers, differences were observed in session duration, session location, and caregiver engagement in session. This study begins to fill a substantial gap by illuminating the types of interventions children with social communication delays receive in federally mandated Part C. It also highlights the need for more specialized training and standardization in EI practices to ensure that children with social communication delays and their caregivers benefit from the most efficacious interventions during a critical time of increased brain plasticity.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/3/293social communication delaysautismPart Cearly intervention
spellingShingle Yael G. Dai
Kyle M. Frost
Ellie M. Harrington
Yael Stern
Emily R. Britsch
Brooke R. Ingersoll
Allison Wainer
Wendy L. Stone
Sarabeth Broder-Fingert
Alice S. Carter
Characterizing Federally Mandated Early Intervention for Children with Social Communication Delays: A Mixed-Methods Analysis
Behavioral Sciences
social communication delays
autism
Part C
early intervention
title Characterizing Federally Mandated Early Intervention for Children with Social Communication Delays: A Mixed-Methods Analysis
title_full Characterizing Federally Mandated Early Intervention for Children with Social Communication Delays: A Mixed-Methods Analysis
title_fullStr Characterizing Federally Mandated Early Intervention for Children with Social Communication Delays: A Mixed-Methods Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Characterizing Federally Mandated Early Intervention for Children with Social Communication Delays: A Mixed-Methods Analysis
title_short Characterizing Federally Mandated Early Intervention for Children with Social Communication Delays: A Mixed-Methods Analysis
title_sort characterizing federally mandated early intervention for children with social communication delays a mixed methods analysis
topic social communication delays
autism
Part C
early intervention
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/15/3/293
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