A mobile phone text-based intervention to enhance HIV/AIDS risk reduction among long-distance truckers in Kenya: Development and validation using an e-Delphi technique

Objective The study aimed to develop and validate messages for a mobile phone text-based intervention to enhance human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) risk reduction among long-distance truckers (LDTs) in Kenya. Methods and methodology Initially, key facts and up...

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Main Authors: Cyrus Mutie, Kawira Kithuci, John Gachohi, Grace Mbuthia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-06-01
Series:Digital Health
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251353287
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author Cyrus Mutie
Kawira Kithuci
John Gachohi
Grace Mbuthia
author_facet Cyrus Mutie
Kawira Kithuci
John Gachohi
Grace Mbuthia
author_sort Cyrus Mutie
collection DOAJ
description Objective The study aimed to develop and validate messages for a mobile phone text-based intervention to enhance human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) risk reduction among long-distance truckers (LDTs) in Kenya. Methods and methodology Initially, key facts and updates on HIV/AIDS risk reduction were extracted from existing guidelines and packaged into short messages targeted for LDTs. Subsequently, a panel of interdisciplinary experts was purposively sampled and invited through individual emails to participate in the e-Delphi exercise. The study involved three phases: formative research, intervention development, and content validation. Two rounds of the e-Delphi exercise were conducted. A consensus threshold of above 75% was adopted. A Fleiss’ kappa ( K ) statistic was computed to assess the interrater reliability levels in each round of the e-Delphi exercise. Results Most experts were of Kenyan citizenship, 21 (88%), except for one Ugandan and two South Africans. A total of 56 items were rated by 24 experts in round one. Out of the 56 items rated in round one, 50 achieved a consensus above 75%. Based on feedback from specific experts in round one, six items were amended, and an extra one was formulated. In round two, seven items were rated. The seven items achieved a consensus level of 98.21%, meaning a third round was unnecessary. Conclusion Given the multi-dimensional inputs from the interdisciplinary panel of experts, the text-based intervention is considered a valid tool for promoting HIV/AIDS risk reduction among LDTs. Considering the substantive approval of the intervention from the panel of experts, a short message service-based digital delivery platform will be used in the implementation phase. We recommend regular updates of the intervention, as the evidence is expected to grow and evolve further.
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spelling doaj-art-a1e8f1b3c8d94654b7d270b686faf34b2025-08-20T03:31:53ZengSAGE PublishingDigital Health2055-20762025-06-011110.1177/20552076251353287A mobile phone text-based intervention to enhance HIV/AIDS risk reduction among long-distance truckers in Kenya: Development and validation using an e-Delphi techniqueCyrus Mutie0Kawira Kithuci1John Gachohi2Grace Mbuthia3 Department of Nursing Education, Leadership, Management and Research, , Thika, Kenya Department of Nursing Education, Leadership, Management and Research, , Nairobi, Kenya Paul G. Allen School of Global Health, , Pullman, USA Department of Community Health Nursing, , Nairobi, KenyaObjective The study aimed to develop and validate messages for a mobile phone text-based intervention to enhance human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) risk reduction among long-distance truckers (LDTs) in Kenya. Methods and methodology Initially, key facts and updates on HIV/AIDS risk reduction were extracted from existing guidelines and packaged into short messages targeted for LDTs. Subsequently, a panel of interdisciplinary experts was purposively sampled and invited through individual emails to participate in the e-Delphi exercise. The study involved three phases: formative research, intervention development, and content validation. Two rounds of the e-Delphi exercise were conducted. A consensus threshold of above 75% was adopted. A Fleiss’ kappa ( K ) statistic was computed to assess the interrater reliability levels in each round of the e-Delphi exercise. Results Most experts were of Kenyan citizenship, 21 (88%), except for one Ugandan and two South Africans. A total of 56 items were rated by 24 experts in round one. Out of the 56 items rated in round one, 50 achieved a consensus above 75%. Based on feedback from specific experts in round one, six items were amended, and an extra one was formulated. In round two, seven items were rated. The seven items achieved a consensus level of 98.21%, meaning a third round was unnecessary. Conclusion Given the multi-dimensional inputs from the interdisciplinary panel of experts, the text-based intervention is considered a valid tool for promoting HIV/AIDS risk reduction among LDTs. Considering the substantive approval of the intervention from the panel of experts, a short message service-based digital delivery platform will be used in the implementation phase. We recommend regular updates of the intervention, as the evidence is expected to grow and evolve further.https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251353287
spellingShingle Cyrus Mutie
Kawira Kithuci
John Gachohi
Grace Mbuthia
A mobile phone text-based intervention to enhance HIV/AIDS risk reduction among long-distance truckers in Kenya: Development and validation using an e-Delphi technique
Digital Health
title A mobile phone text-based intervention to enhance HIV/AIDS risk reduction among long-distance truckers in Kenya: Development and validation using an e-Delphi technique
title_full A mobile phone text-based intervention to enhance HIV/AIDS risk reduction among long-distance truckers in Kenya: Development and validation using an e-Delphi technique
title_fullStr A mobile phone text-based intervention to enhance HIV/AIDS risk reduction among long-distance truckers in Kenya: Development and validation using an e-Delphi technique
title_full_unstemmed A mobile phone text-based intervention to enhance HIV/AIDS risk reduction among long-distance truckers in Kenya: Development and validation using an e-Delphi technique
title_short A mobile phone text-based intervention to enhance HIV/AIDS risk reduction among long-distance truckers in Kenya: Development and validation using an e-Delphi technique
title_sort mobile phone text based intervention to enhance hiv aids risk reduction among long distance truckers in kenya development and validation using an e delphi technique
url https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076251353287
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