Validation of persian version of Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES): a study among Iranian University students

Abstract Background The Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES) is tool for evaluating individual’s ethical decision-making skills. This study aimed to investigate the validation process of the Persian version of the Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES) among Iranian university students. Methods This research em...

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Main Authors: Nahid Hoseininezhad, Roghieh Nooripour, Simin Hosseinian, Abbas Abdollahi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Psychology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02902-x
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author Nahid Hoseininezhad
Roghieh Nooripour
Simin Hosseinian
Abbas Abdollahi
author_facet Nahid Hoseininezhad
Roghieh Nooripour
Simin Hosseinian
Abbas Abdollahi
author_sort Nahid Hoseininezhad
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES) is tool for evaluating individual’s ethical decision-making skills. This study aimed to investigate the validation process of the Persian version of the Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES) among Iranian university students. Methods This research employed translation and validation design with cross-sectional approach, focusing on Iranian university students nationwide between May 5, 2020, and January 23, 2021. Data collection involved 537 participants (402 women and 135 men) selected through convenience sampling. After excluding 31 outliers, final sample comprised 506 respondents. These participants completed various questionnaires, including the Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES), Ethical and Legal Issues in Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (ELICSES), Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), Adult Hope Scale (AHS), Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MC-SDS), and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). The study assessed through Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient and Convergent and Divergent Validity using SPSS-21 and AMOS-24. Results The face and content validity of the SCES were confirmed, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) validated its one-factor structure and showed good model fit indices. The SCES demonstrated strong negative correlation with the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-16) (r = -0.561, p < 0.01). Positive correlations were observed between the SCES and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (SES) (r = 0.411, p < 0.01), Snyder Hope Scale (Hope) (r = 0.332, p < 0.01), Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MC-SDS) (r = 0.29, p < 0.01), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) (r = 0.599, p < 0.01), and Ethical and Legal Issues in Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (ELICSES) (r = 0.352, p < 0.05). Conclusion This research supported the satisfactory validity and reliability of the Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES) in assessing ethical inclinations in Iranian university student population.
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spelling doaj-art-a1d2d52d41db4131aa6a50b1da5e9e832025-08-20T03:16:41ZengBMCBMC Psychology2050-72832025-05-0113111110.1186/s40359-025-02902-xValidation of persian version of Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES): a study among Iranian University studentsNahid Hoseininezhad0Roghieh Nooripour1Simin Hosseinian2Abbas Abdollahi3Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra UniversityDepartment of Counseling, Qa.C., Islamic Azad UniversityDepartment of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra UniversityDepartment of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Alzahra UniversityAbstract Background The Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES) is tool for evaluating individual’s ethical decision-making skills. This study aimed to investigate the validation process of the Persian version of the Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES) among Iranian university students. Methods This research employed translation and validation design with cross-sectional approach, focusing on Iranian university students nationwide between May 5, 2020, and January 23, 2021. Data collection involved 537 participants (402 women and 135 men) selected through convenience sampling. After excluding 31 outliers, final sample comprised 506 respondents. These participants completed various questionnaires, including the Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES), Ethical and Legal Issues in Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (ELICSES), Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), Adult Hope Scale (AHS), Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MC-SDS), and Self-Compassion Scale (SCS). The study assessed through Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient and Convergent and Divergent Validity using SPSS-21 and AMOS-24. Results The face and content validity of the SCES were confirmed, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) validated its one-factor structure and showed good model fit indices. The SCES demonstrated strong negative correlation with the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-16) (r = -0.561, p < 0.01). Positive correlations were observed between the SCES and the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (SES) (r = 0.411, p < 0.01), Snyder Hope Scale (Hope) (r = 0.332, p < 0.01), Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MC-SDS) (r = 0.29, p < 0.01), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) (r = 0.599, p < 0.01), and Ethical and Legal Issues in Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale (ELICSES) (r = 0.352, p < 0.05). Conclusion This research supported the satisfactory validity and reliability of the Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES) in assessing ethical inclinations in Iranian university student population.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02902-xValidationSanta Clara ethics scaleStudentEthicsPersian
spellingShingle Nahid Hoseininezhad
Roghieh Nooripour
Simin Hosseinian
Abbas Abdollahi
Validation of persian version of Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES): a study among Iranian University students
BMC Psychology
Validation
Santa Clara ethics scale
Student
Ethics
Persian
title Validation of persian version of Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES): a study among Iranian University students
title_full Validation of persian version of Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES): a study among Iranian University students
title_fullStr Validation of persian version of Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES): a study among Iranian University students
title_full_unstemmed Validation of persian version of Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES): a study among Iranian University students
title_short Validation of persian version of Santa Clara Ethics Scale (SCES): a study among Iranian University students
title_sort validation of persian version of santa clara ethics scale sces a study among iranian university students
topic Validation
Santa Clara ethics scale
Student
Ethics
Persian
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-02902-x
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AT siminhosseinian validationofpersianversionofsantaclaraethicsscalescesastudyamongiranianuniversitystudents
AT abbasabdollahi validationofpersianversionofsantaclaraethicsscalescesastudyamongiranianuniversitystudents