CPO-VMD Combined With Multiscale Permutation Entropy for Noise Reduction in GNSS Vertical Time Series in Mining Areas

The vertical time series of deformation monitoring data are often interfered with by multiple noises, which makes it difficult to extract useful information. In order to effectively filter out the noise components in the deformation monitoring data, this paper proposes a time series noise reduction...

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Main Authors: Xu Yang, Xinxin Yao, Xinjian Fang, Xuexiang Yu, Yi Wu, Shicheng Xie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11104493/
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author Xu Yang
Xinxin Yao
Xinjian Fang
Xuexiang Yu
Yi Wu
Shicheng Xie
author_facet Xu Yang
Xinxin Yao
Xinjian Fang
Xuexiang Yu
Yi Wu
Shicheng Xie
author_sort Xu Yang
collection DOAJ
description The vertical time series of deformation monitoring data are often interfered with by multiple noises, which makes it difficult to extract useful information. In order to effectively filter out the noise components in the deformation monitoring data, this paper proposes a time series noise reduction method (CPO-VMD-MPE) that integrates the crested porcupine optimizer (CPO), the variational modal decomposition (VMD), and the multiscale permutation entropy (MPE). The method uses the CPO algorithm to optimize the key parameters of the VMD, determines the high-frequency components with MPE values higher than a set threshold as noise components and removes them, and then reconstructs the remaining components in order to obtain the noise-reduced time series. The results of simulation and example analysis show that compared with wavelet denoising (WD), empirical modal decomposition (EMD), ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), and improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN), this method shows significant advantages in the evaluation indexes of noise reduction effect—Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R), the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the root-mean-square error (RMSE)—and all the indexes are better than the comparative methods. Taken together, the CPO-VMD-MPE method proposed in this paper significantly reduces the noise in the time series and provides a better theoretical and methodological reference for deformation analysis and prediction.
format Article
id doaj-art-a1d28b5575d047f9bd2fc8f46c57380a
institution Kabale University
issn 2169-3536
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher IEEE
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series IEEE Access
spelling doaj-art-a1d28b5575d047f9bd2fc8f46c57380a2025-08-20T03:40:11ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-011313605013606110.1109/ACCESS.2025.359401111104493CPO-VMD Combined With Multiscale Permutation Entropy for Noise Reduction in GNSS Vertical Time Series in Mining AreasXu Yang0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9117-6156Xinxin Yao1Xinjian Fang2Xuexiang Yu3Yi Wu4Shicheng Xie5Engineering Research Center of Mining Area Environmental and Disaster Cooperative Monitoring, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Mining Area Environmental and Disaster Cooperative Monitoring, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Mining Area Environmental and Disaster Cooperative Monitoring, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Mining Area Environmental and Disaster Cooperative Monitoring, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Mining Area Environmental and Disaster Cooperative Monitoring, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Mining Area Environmental and Disaster Cooperative Monitoring, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, ChinaThe vertical time series of deformation monitoring data are often interfered with by multiple noises, which makes it difficult to extract useful information. In order to effectively filter out the noise components in the deformation monitoring data, this paper proposes a time series noise reduction method (CPO-VMD-MPE) that integrates the crested porcupine optimizer (CPO), the variational modal decomposition (VMD), and the multiscale permutation entropy (MPE). The method uses the CPO algorithm to optimize the key parameters of the VMD, determines the high-frequency components with MPE values higher than a set threshold as noise components and removes them, and then reconstructs the remaining components in order to obtain the noise-reduced time series. The results of simulation and example analysis show that compared with wavelet denoising (WD), empirical modal decomposition (EMD), ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), and improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN), this method shows significant advantages in the evaluation indexes of noise reduction effect—Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R), the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and the root-mean-square error (RMSE)—and all the indexes are better than the comparative methods. Taken together, the CPO-VMD-MPE method proposed in this paper significantly reduces the noise in the time series and provides a better theoretical and methodological reference for deformation analysis and prediction.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11104493/GNSStime series analysiscrested porcupine optimizerVMDMPEnoise reduction methods
spellingShingle Xu Yang
Xinxin Yao
Xinjian Fang
Xuexiang Yu
Yi Wu
Shicheng Xie
CPO-VMD Combined With Multiscale Permutation Entropy for Noise Reduction in GNSS Vertical Time Series in Mining Areas
IEEE Access
GNSS
time series analysis
crested porcupine optimizer
VMD
MPE
noise reduction methods
title CPO-VMD Combined With Multiscale Permutation Entropy for Noise Reduction in GNSS Vertical Time Series in Mining Areas
title_full CPO-VMD Combined With Multiscale Permutation Entropy for Noise Reduction in GNSS Vertical Time Series in Mining Areas
title_fullStr CPO-VMD Combined With Multiscale Permutation Entropy for Noise Reduction in GNSS Vertical Time Series in Mining Areas
title_full_unstemmed CPO-VMD Combined With Multiscale Permutation Entropy for Noise Reduction in GNSS Vertical Time Series in Mining Areas
title_short CPO-VMD Combined With Multiscale Permutation Entropy for Noise Reduction in GNSS Vertical Time Series in Mining Areas
title_sort cpo vmd combined with multiscale permutation entropy for noise reduction in gnss vertical time series in mining areas
topic GNSS
time series analysis
crested porcupine optimizer
VMD
MPE
noise reduction methods
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11104493/
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AT xinjianfang cpovmdcombinedwithmultiscalepermutationentropyfornoisereductioningnssverticaltimeseriesinminingareas
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AT shichengxie cpovmdcombinedwithmultiscalepermutationentropyfornoisereductioningnssverticaltimeseriesinminingareas