Coseismic crustal seismic velocity changes associated with the 2024 MW 7.5 Noto earthquake, Japan
Abstract The 2024 $$\hbox {M}_{\textrm{w}}$$ M w 7.5 Noto earthquake, Japan, was preceded by an intense seismic swarm thought to be driven by upward fluid migration. Crustal seismic velocities vary with external perturbations caused by earthquakes, and the presence of pressurized fluids in the crus...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Earth, Planets and Space |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02177-x |
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| author | Nicolas Paris Yuji Itoh Florent Brenguier Qing-Yu Wang Yixiao Sheng Tomomi Okada Naoki Uchida Quentin Higueret Ryota Takagi Shin’ichi Sakai Satoshi Hirahara Shuutoku Kimura |
| author_facet | Nicolas Paris Yuji Itoh Florent Brenguier Qing-Yu Wang Yixiao Sheng Tomomi Okada Naoki Uchida Quentin Higueret Ryota Takagi Shin’ichi Sakai Satoshi Hirahara Shuutoku Kimura |
| author_sort | Nicolas Paris |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The 2024 $$\hbox {M}_{\textrm{w}}$$ M w 7.5 Noto earthquake, Japan, was preceded by an intense seismic swarm thought to be driven by upward fluid migration. Crustal seismic velocities vary with external perturbations caused by earthquakes, and the presence of pressurized fluids in the crust amplifies the resulting coseismic velocity change. Hence, we characterize subsurface fluid by measuring the coseismic velocity change associated with the 2024 mainshock. For this purpose, we perform multi-frequency-band ambient noise seismic interferometry using data from permanent and temporary seismic stations. Significant coseismic velocity drops are observed, with an average decrease of about 0.5% inside the Noto peninsula, reaching 0.6–0.8% in the regions near the coseismic slip peaks. The observed velocity drops inside the peninsula correlate well with the modeled static-stress-change-induced velocity drops and peak ground velocity (PGV) and acceleration (PGA) as proxies of dynamic stress change. However, their respective contribution to the observed coseismic velocity drop remains unclear because of the similarities in their spatial pattern. Outside the Noto Peninsula, the observed velocity drops average around 0.1%, which is predominantly attributed to dynamic stress changes from passing waves because modeled static stress changes are negligible at these great distances. Although the addition of temporary stations significantly increases the resolution of the velocity drop measurements in the pre-mainshock swarm zone, our results exhibit no large velocity drop anomaly in this region, suggesting that the amount of pressurized fluids in the shallow crust down to $$\sim$$ ∼ 2.5 km depth is not anomalously large. This implies that the upward migration of fluids preceding the mainshock is likely confined to greater depths. Graphical Abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a1cdeee6fb6c4fcd93af1ecb925c1321 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1880-5981 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Earth, Planets and Space |
| spelling | doaj-art-a1cdeee6fb6c4fcd93af1ecb925c13212025-08-20T02:19:55ZengSpringerOpenEarth, Planets and Space1880-59812025-04-0177111410.1186/s40623-025-02177-xCoseismic crustal seismic velocity changes associated with the 2024 MW 7.5 Noto earthquake, JapanNicolas Paris0Yuji Itoh1Florent Brenguier2Qing-Yu Wang3Yixiao Sheng4Tomomi Okada5Naoki Uchida6Quentin Higueret7Ryota Takagi8Shin’ichi Sakai9Satoshi Hirahara10Shuutoku Kimura11Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Grenoble INP, IGEEarthquake Research Institute, The University of TokyoISTerre, Université Grenoble AlpesISTerre, Université Grenoble AlpesLaboratory of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of ChinaResearch Center for Prediction of Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku UniversityResearch Center for Prediction of Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku UniversityISTerre, Université Grenoble AlpesResearch Center for Prediction of Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku UniversityEarthquake Research Institute, The University of TokyoResearch Center for Prediction of Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku UniversityResearch Center for Prediction of Earthquakes and Volcanic Eruptions, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku UniversityAbstract The 2024 $$\hbox {M}_{\textrm{w}}$$ M w 7.5 Noto earthquake, Japan, was preceded by an intense seismic swarm thought to be driven by upward fluid migration. Crustal seismic velocities vary with external perturbations caused by earthquakes, and the presence of pressurized fluids in the crust amplifies the resulting coseismic velocity change. Hence, we characterize subsurface fluid by measuring the coseismic velocity change associated with the 2024 mainshock. For this purpose, we perform multi-frequency-band ambient noise seismic interferometry using data from permanent and temporary seismic stations. Significant coseismic velocity drops are observed, with an average decrease of about 0.5% inside the Noto peninsula, reaching 0.6–0.8% in the regions near the coseismic slip peaks. The observed velocity drops inside the peninsula correlate well with the modeled static-stress-change-induced velocity drops and peak ground velocity (PGV) and acceleration (PGA) as proxies of dynamic stress change. However, their respective contribution to the observed coseismic velocity drop remains unclear because of the similarities in their spatial pattern. Outside the Noto Peninsula, the observed velocity drops average around 0.1%, which is predominantly attributed to dynamic stress changes from passing waves because modeled static stress changes are negligible at these great distances. Although the addition of temporary stations significantly increases the resolution of the velocity drop measurements in the pre-mainshock swarm zone, our results exhibit no large velocity drop anomaly in this region, suggesting that the amount of pressurized fluids in the shallow crust down to $$\sim$$ ∼ 2.5 km depth is not anomalously large. This implies that the upward migration of fluids preceding the mainshock is likely confined to greater depths. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02177-x2024 Noto earthquakeSeismic velocity changeAmbient noise seismic interferometryStatic stressDynamic stress |
| spellingShingle | Nicolas Paris Yuji Itoh Florent Brenguier Qing-Yu Wang Yixiao Sheng Tomomi Okada Naoki Uchida Quentin Higueret Ryota Takagi Shin’ichi Sakai Satoshi Hirahara Shuutoku Kimura Coseismic crustal seismic velocity changes associated with the 2024 MW 7.5 Noto earthquake, Japan Earth, Planets and Space 2024 Noto earthquake Seismic velocity change Ambient noise seismic interferometry Static stress Dynamic stress |
| title | Coseismic crustal seismic velocity changes associated with the 2024 MW 7.5 Noto earthquake, Japan |
| title_full | Coseismic crustal seismic velocity changes associated with the 2024 MW 7.5 Noto earthquake, Japan |
| title_fullStr | Coseismic crustal seismic velocity changes associated with the 2024 MW 7.5 Noto earthquake, Japan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Coseismic crustal seismic velocity changes associated with the 2024 MW 7.5 Noto earthquake, Japan |
| title_short | Coseismic crustal seismic velocity changes associated with the 2024 MW 7.5 Noto earthquake, Japan |
| title_sort | coseismic crustal seismic velocity changes associated with the 2024 mw 7 5 noto earthquake japan |
| topic | 2024 Noto earthquake Seismic velocity change Ambient noise seismic interferometry Static stress Dynamic stress |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02177-x |
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