Contactless Detection of pH Change in a Liquid Analyte
We describe an experiment in which we employ a radiofrequency sensor to measure pH changes in a liquid solution. The experiment is novel in a few ways. First, the sensor does not have contact with the liquid but rather detects the change from the outside of a PVC pipe. Second, the change is detected...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/9/2832 |
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| author | Dylan Gustafson Dominic Klyve |
| author_facet | Dylan Gustafson Dominic Klyve |
| author_sort | Dylan Gustafson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We describe an experiment in which we employ a radiofrequency sensor to measure pH changes in a liquid solution. The experiment is novel in a few ways. First, the sensor does not have contact with the liquid but rather detects the change from the outside of a PVC pipe. Second, the change is detected using a Linear Discriminant Analysis model using values from an inverse Fourier transform of the frequency data as its features. We believe this to be the first use of Fourier analysis in contactless pH measurement using radio frequencies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a1cc0cc564d74a0a817c2abd8b5530ff |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-a1cc0cc564d74a0a817c2abd8b5530ff2025-08-20T01:49:14ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-04-01259283210.3390/s25092832Contactless Detection of pH Change in a Liquid AnalyteDylan Gustafson0Dominic Klyve1Department of Mathematics, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA 98926, USAKnow Labs, Inc., Seattle, WA 98104, USAWe describe an experiment in which we employ a radiofrequency sensor to measure pH changes in a liquid solution. The experiment is novel in a few ways. First, the sensor does not have contact with the liquid but rather detects the change from the outside of a PVC pipe. Second, the change is detected using a Linear Discriminant Analysis model using values from an inverse Fourier transform of the frequency data as its features. We believe this to be the first use of Fourier analysis in contactless pH measurement using radio frequencies.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/9/2832sensorpHradiofrequencycontactlessmicrowavenon-invasive |
| spellingShingle | Dylan Gustafson Dominic Klyve Contactless Detection of pH Change in a Liquid Analyte Sensors sensor pH radiofrequency contactless microwave non-invasive |
| title | Contactless Detection of pH Change in a Liquid Analyte |
| title_full | Contactless Detection of pH Change in a Liquid Analyte |
| title_fullStr | Contactless Detection of pH Change in a Liquid Analyte |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contactless Detection of pH Change in a Liquid Analyte |
| title_short | Contactless Detection of pH Change in a Liquid Analyte |
| title_sort | contactless detection of ph change in a liquid analyte |
| topic | sensor pH radiofrequency contactless microwave non-invasive |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/9/2832 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dylangustafson contactlessdetectionofphchangeinaliquidanalyte AT dominicklyve contactlessdetectionofphchangeinaliquidanalyte |