Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lysate Enhance Antitumoral Immunity: A Novel Synthesis Method

<b>Background:</b> Gold nanoparticles enhance immunity, promotes antigen uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and boost the response against tumor antigens; therefore, they are a promising delivery vehicle. Tumor lysates have shown favorable responses as inductors of anti-cancer im...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Raúl Rangel-López, Moisés Ármides Franco-Molina, Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla, Diana Ginette Zárate-Triviño
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Pharmaceuticals
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/3/330
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850279402352410624
author Raúl Rangel-López
Moisés Ármides Franco-Molina
Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
Diana Ginette Zárate-Triviño
author_facet Raúl Rangel-López
Moisés Ármides Franco-Molina
Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
Diana Ginette Zárate-Triviño
author_sort Raúl Rangel-López
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> Gold nanoparticles enhance immunity, promotes antigen uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and boost the response against tumor antigens; therefore, they are a promising delivery vehicle. Tumor lysates have shown favorable responses as inductors of anti-cancer immunity, but the effectiveness of these treatments could be improved. Hybrid nanosystems gold nanoparticles with biomolecules have been show promising alternative on uptake, activation and response on immune system. <b>Objectives:</b> This study’s objective was to develop a method of synthesizing gold nanoparticles employing a triple-negative breast cancer (4T1) cell lysate (AuLtNps) as a reducing agent to increase immunogenicity against breast cancer cells. <b>Methods:</b> Nanoparticle formation, size, and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>ζ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> potential were confirmed by surface plasmon resonance, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. Protein concentration was quantified using a Pierce BCA assay. The cytotoxic effects of treatments on murine macrophages were assessed, along with nanoparticle and tumor lysate uptake via epifluorescence microscopy. Using a murine model, cytokine secretion profiles were determined, and the efficacy in inhibiting the implantation of a 4T1 model was evaluated. <b>Results/Conclusions:</b> AuLtNps exhibited higher protein content than tumor lysate alone, leading to increased uptake and phagocytosis in murine macrophages, as confirmed by epifluorescence microscopy. Cytokine secretion analysis showed a proinflammatory response, with increased CD8+ and CD22+ lymphocytes and upregulation of APC markers (CD14, CD80, CD86, and MHC II+). Splenocytes demonstrated specific lysis of up to 40% against 4T1 tumor cells. In a murine model, AuLtNPs effectively inhibited tumor implantation, achieving an improved 90-days survival rate, highlighting their potential as an immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer.
format Article
id doaj-art-a1bfd7a3b264417991ff2f1f393cb783
institution OA Journals
issn 1424-8247
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Pharmaceuticals
spelling doaj-art-a1bfd7a3b264417991ff2f1f393cb7832025-08-20T01:49:05ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472025-02-0118333010.3390/ph18030330Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lysate Enhance Antitumoral Immunity: A Novel Synthesis MethodRaúl Rangel-López0Moisés Ármides Franco-Molina1Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla2Diana Ginette Zárate-Triviño3Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico<b>Background:</b> Gold nanoparticles enhance immunity, promotes antigen uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and boost the response against tumor antigens; therefore, they are a promising delivery vehicle. Tumor lysates have shown favorable responses as inductors of anti-cancer immunity, but the effectiveness of these treatments could be improved. Hybrid nanosystems gold nanoparticles with biomolecules have been show promising alternative on uptake, activation and response on immune system. <b>Objectives:</b> This study’s objective was to develop a method of synthesizing gold nanoparticles employing a triple-negative breast cancer (4T1) cell lysate (AuLtNps) as a reducing agent to increase immunogenicity against breast cancer cells. <b>Methods:</b> Nanoparticle formation, size, and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>ζ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> potential were confirmed by surface plasmon resonance, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. Protein concentration was quantified using a Pierce BCA assay. The cytotoxic effects of treatments on murine macrophages were assessed, along with nanoparticle and tumor lysate uptake via epifluorescence microscopy. Using a murine model, cytokine secretion profiles were determined, and the efficacy in inhibiting the implantation of a 4T1 model was evaluated. <b>Results/Conclusions:</b> AuLtNps exhibited higher protein content than tumor lysate alone, leading to increased uptake and phagocytosis in murine macrophages, as confirmed by epifluorescence microscopy. Cytokine secretion analysis showed a proinflammatory response, with increased CD8+ and CD22+ lymphocytes and upregulation of APC markers (CD14, CD80, CD86, and MHC II+). Splenocytes demonstrated specific lysis of up to 40% against 4T1 tumor cells. In a murine model, AuLtNPs effectively inhibited tumor implantation, achieving an improved 90-days survival rate, highlighting their potential as an immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/3/330antigen presentationbreast cancer immunotherapygold nanoparticlesimmune system activationtumor cell lysates
spellingShingle Raúl Rangel-López
Moisés Ármides Franco-Molina
Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
Diana Ginette Zárate-Triviño
Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lysate Enhance Antitumoral Immunity: A Novel Synthesis Method
Pharmaceuticals
antigen presentation
breast cancer immunotherapy
gold nanoparticles
immune system activation
tumor cell lysates
title Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lysate Enhance Antitumoral Immunity: A Novel Synthesis Method
title_full Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lysate Enhance Antitumoral Immunity: A Novel Synthesis Method
title_fullStr Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lysate Enhance Antitumoral Immunity: A Novel Synthesis Method
title_full_unstemmed Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lysate Enhance Antitumoral Immunity: A Novel Synthesis Method
title_short Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lysate Enhance Antitumoral Immunity: A Novel Synthesis Method
title_sort gold nanoparticles synthesized with triple negative breast cancer cell lysate enhance antitumoral immunity a novel synthesis method
topic antigen presentation
breast cancer immunotherapy
gold nanoparticles
immune system activation
tumor cell lysates
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/3/330
work_keys_str_mv AT raulrangellopez goldnanoparticlessynthesizedwithtriplenegativebreastcancercelllysateenhanceantitumoralimmunityanovelsynthesismethod
AT moisesarmidesfrancomolina goldnanoparticlessynthesizedwithtriplenegativebreastcancercelllysateenhanceantitumoralimmunityanovelsynthesismethod
AT cristinarodriguezpadilla goldnanoparticlessynthesizedwithtriplenegativebreastcancercelllysateenhanceantitumoralimmunityanovelsynthesismethod
AT dianaginettezaratetrivino goldnanoparticlessynthesizedwithtriplenegativebreastcancercelllysateenhanceantitumoralimmunityanovelsynthesismethod