Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lysate Enhance Antitumoral Immunity: A Novel Synthesis Method
<b>Background:</b> Gold nanoparticles enhance immunity, promotes antigen uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and boost the response against tumor antigens; therefore, they are a promising delivery vehicle. Tumor lysates have shown favorable responses as inductors of anti-cancer im...
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| author | Raúl Rangel-López Moisés Ármides Franco-Molina Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla Diana Ginette Zárate-Triviño |
| author_facet | Raúl Rangel-López Moisés Ármides Franco-Molina Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla Diana Ginette Zárate-Triviño |
| author_sort | Raúl Rangel-López |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background:</b> Gold nanoparticles enhance immunity, promotes antigen uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and boost the response against tumor antigens; therefore, they are a promising delivery vehicle. Tumor lysates have shown favorable responses as inductors of anti-cancer immunity, but the effectiveness of these treatments could be improved. Hybrid nanosystems gold nanoparticles with biomolecules have been show promising alternative on uptake, activation and response on immune system. <b>Objectives:</b> This study’s objective was to develop a method of synthesizing gold nanoparticles employing a triple-negative breast cancer (4T1) cell lysate (AuLtNps) as a reducing agent to increase immunogenicity against breast cancer cells. <b>Methods:</b> Nanoparticle formation, size, and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>ζ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> potential were confirmed by surface plasmon resonance, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. Protein concentration was quantified using a Pierce BCA assay. The cytotoxic effects of treatments on murine macrophages were assessed, along with nanoparticle and tumor lysate uptake via epifluorescence microscopy. Using a murine model, cytokine secretion profiles were determined, and the efficacy in inhibiting the implantation of a 4T1 model was evaluated. <b>Results/Conclusions:</b> AuLtNps exhibited higher protein content than tumor lysate alone, leading to increased uptake and phagocytosis in murine macrophages, as confirmed by epifluorescence microscopy. Cytokine secretion analysis showed a proinflammatory response, with increased CD8+ and CD22+ lymphocytes and upregulation of APC markers (CD14, CD80, CD86, and MHC II+). Splenocytes demonstrated specific lysis of up to 40% against 4T1 tumor cells. In a murine model, AuLtNPs effectively inhibited tumor implantation, achieving an improved 90-days survival rate, highlighting their potential as an immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a1bfd7a3b264417991ff2f1f393cb783 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj-art-a1bfd7a3b264417991ff2f1f393cb7832025-08-20T01:49:05ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472025-02-0118333010.3390/ph18030330Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lysate Enhance Antitumoral Immunity: A Novel Synthesis MethodRaúl Rangel-López0Moisés Ármides Franco-Molina1Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla2Diana Ginette Zárate-Triviño3Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, MexicoUniversidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Inmunología y Virología, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico<b>Background:</b> Gold nanoparticles enhance immunity, promotes antigen uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and boost the response against tumor antigens; therefore, they are a promising delivery vehicle. Tumor lysates have shown favorable responses as inductors of anti-cancer immunity, but the effectiveness of these treatments could be improved. Hybrid nanosystems gold nanoparticles with biomolecules have been show promising alternative on uptake, activation and response on immune system. <b>Objectives:</b> This study’s objective was to develop a method of synthesizing gold nanoparticles employing a triple-negative breast cancer (4T1) cell lysate (AuLtNps) as a reducing agent to increase immunogenicity against breast cancer cells. <b>Methods:</b> Nanoparticle formation, size, and <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi>ζ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula> potential were confirmed by surface plasmon resonance, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. Protein concentration was quantified using a Pierce BCA assay. The cytotoxic effects of treatments on murine macrophages were assessed, along with nanoparticle and tumor lysate uptake via epifluorescence microscopy. Using a murine model, cytokine secretion profiles were determined, and the efficacy in inhibiting the implantation of a 4T1 model was evaluated. <b>Results/Conclusions:</b> AuLtNps exhibited higher protein content than tumor lysate alone, leading to increased uptake and phagocytosis in murine macrophages, as confirmed by epifluorescence microscopy. Cytokine secretion analysis showed a proinflammatory response, with increased CD8+ and CD22+ lymphocytes and upregulation of APC markers (CD14, CD80, CD86, and MHC II+). Splenocytes demonstrated specific lysis of up to 40% against 4T1 tumor cells. In a murine model, AuLtNPs effectively inhibited tumor implantation, achieving an improved 90-days survival rate, highlighting their potential as an immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/3/330antigen presentationbreast cancer immunotherapygold nanoparticlesimmune system activationtumor cell lysates |
| spellingShingle | Raúl Rangel-López Moisés Ármides Franco-Molina Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla Diana Ginette Zárate-Triviño Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lysate Enhance Antitumoral Immunity: A Novel Synthesis Method Pharmaceuticals antigen presentation breast cancer immunotherapy gold nanoparticles immune system activation tumor cell lysates |
| title | Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lysate Enhance Antitumoral Immunity: A Novel Synthesis Method |
| title_full | Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lysate Enhance Antitumoral Immunity: A Novel Synthesis Method |
| title_fullStr | Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lysate Enhance Antitumoral Immunity: A Novel Synthesis Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lysate Enhance Antitumoral Immunity: A Novel Synthesis Method |
| title_short | Gold Nanoparticles Synthesized with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Lysate Enhance Antitumoral Immunity: A Novel Synthesis Method |
| title_sort | gold nanoparticles synthesized with triple negative breast cancer cell lysate enhance antitumoral immunity a novel synthesis method |
| topic | antigen presentation breast cancer immunotherapy gold nanoparticles immune system activation tumor cell lysates |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/3/330 |
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