Diabetic Ketoacidosis as an Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor: Real World Insights

One of the notable adverse effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) often characterized by euglycemia. In this retrospective review of patients with DKA from 2015 to 2023, 21 cases of SGLT2 inhibitorassociated DKA were identified. Twelve (57.1%) exhi...

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Main Authors: Han-Sang Baek, Chaiho Jeong, Yeoree Yang, Joonyub Lee, Jeongmin Lee, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jae Hyoung Cho, Tae-Seo Sohn, Hyun-Shik Son, Kun-Ho Yoon, Eun Young Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Korean Diabetes Association 2024-11-01
Series:Diabetes & Metabolism Journal
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Online Access:http://e-dmj.org/upload/pdf/dmj-2024-0036.pdf
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author Han-Sang Baek
Chaiho Jeong
Yeoree Yang
Joonyub Lee
Jeongmin Lee
Seung-Hwan Lee
Jae Hyoung Cho
Tae-Seo Sohn
Hyun-Shik Son
Kun-Ho Yoon
Eun Young Lee
author_facet Han-Sang Baek
Chaiho Jeong
Yeoree Yang
Joonyub Lee
Jeongmin Lee
Seung-Hwan Lee
Jae Hyoung Cho
Tae-Seo Sohn
Hyun-Shik Son
Kun-Ho Yoon
Eun Young Lee
author_sort Han-Sang Baek
collection DOAJ
description One of the notable adverse effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) often characterized by euglycemia. In this retrospective review of patients with DKA from 2015 to 2023, 21 cases of SGLT2 inhibitorassociated DKA were identified. Twelve (57.1%) exhibited euglycemic DKA (euDKA) while nine (42.9%) had hyperglycemic DKA (hyDKA). More than 90% of these cases were patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Despite similar age, sex, body mass index, and diabetes duration, individuals with hyDKA showed poorer glycemic control and lower C-peptide levels compared with euDKA. Renal impairment and acidosis were worse in the hyDKA group, requiring hemodialysis in two patients. Approximately one-half of hyDKA patients had concurrent hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. Common symptoms included nausea, vomiting, general weakness, and dyspnea. Seizure was the initial manifestation of DKA in two cases. Infection and volume depletion were major contributors, while carbohydrate restriction and inadequate insulin treatment also contributed to SGLT2 inhibitor-associated DKA. Despite their beneficial effects, clinicians should be vigilant for SGLT2 inhibitor risk associated with DKA.
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issn 2233-6079
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publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher Korean Diabetes Association
record_format Article
series Diabetes & Metabolism Journal
spelling doaj-art-a1be75cc59f7438f9c8a5cbd0aff35492025-08-20T01:54:21ZengKorean Diabetes AssociationDiabetes & Metabolism Journal2233-60792233-60872024-11-014861169117510.4093/dmj.2024.00362854Diabetic Ketoacidosis as an Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor: Real World InsightsHan-Sang Baek0Chaiho Jeong1Yeoree Yang2Joonyub Lee3Jeongmin Lee4Seung-Hwan Lee5Jae Hyoung Cho6Tae-Seo Sohn7Hyun-Shik Son8Kun-Ho Yoon9Eun Young Lee10 Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, KoreaOne of the notable adverse effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) often characterized by euglycemia. In this retrospective review of patients with DKA from 2015 to 2023, 21 cases of SGLT2 inhibitorassociated DKA were identified. Twelve (57.1%) exhibited euglycemic DKA (euDKA) while nine (42.9%) had hyperglycemic DKA (hyDKA). More than 90% of these cases were patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Despite similar age, sex, body mass index, and diabetes duration, individuals with hyDKA showed poorer glycemic control and lower C-peptide levels compared with euDKA. Renal impairment and acidosis were worse in the hyDKA group, requiring hemodialysis in two patients. Approximately one-half of hyDKA patients had concurrent hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state. Common symptoms included nausea, vomiting, general weakness, and dyspnea. Seizure was the initial manifestation of DKA in two cases. Infection and volume depletion were major contributors, while carbohydrate restriction and inadequate insulin treatment also contributed to SGLT2 inhibitor-associated DKA. Despite their beneficial effects, clinicians should be vigilant for SGLT2 inhibitor risk associated with DKA.http://e-dmj.org/upload/pdf/dmj-2024-0036.pdfdiabetes mellitusdiabetic ketoacidosissodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors
spellingShingle Han-Sang Baek
Chaiho Jeong
Yeoree Yang
Joonyub Lee
Jeongmin Lee
Seung-Hwan Lee
Jae Hyoung Cho
Tae-Seo Sohn
Hyun-Shik Son
Kun-Ho Yoon
Eun Young Lee
Diabetic Ketoacidosis as an Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor: Real World Insights
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal
diabetes mellitus
diabetic ketoacidosis
sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors
title Diabetic Ketoacidosis as an Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor: Real World Insights
title_full Diabetic Ketoacidosis as an Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor: Real World Insights
title_fullStr Diabetic Ketoacidosis as an Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor: Real World Insights
title_full_unstemmed Diabetic Ketoacidosis as an Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor: Real World Insights
title_short Diabetic Ketoacidosis as an Effect of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor: Real World Insights
title_sort diabetic ketoacidosis as an effect of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor real world insights
topic diabetes mellitus
diabetic ketoacidosis
sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors
url http://e-dmj.org/upload/pdf/dmj-2024-0036.pdf
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