Quantification of methane emissions from typical natural gas stations using on-site measurement technology

Natural gas transmission systems are the main source of methane emissions in the oil and gas industry. Methane, as the second most potent greenhouse gas, makes a strong contribution to climate change. The hydrogen flame ionization detector and Hi-Flow sampler (a large flow methane detector) technolo...

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Main Authors: Wenlong Jia, Pingyang Jia, Li Gu, Lei Ren, Yang Zhang, Honghuan Chen, Xia Wu, Wei Feng, Jiujiang Cai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667143324000568
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author Wenlong Jia
Pingyang Jia
Li Gu
Lei Ren
Yang Zhang
Honghuan Chen
Xia Wu
Wei Feng
Jiujiang Cai
author_facet Wenlong Jia
Pingyang Jia
Li Gu
Lei Ren
Yang Zhang
Honghuan Chen
Xia Wu
Wei Feng
Jiujiang Cai
author_sort Wenlong Jia
collection DOAJ
description Natural gas transmission systems are the main source of methane emissions in the oil and gas industry. Methane, as the second most potent greenhouse gas, makes a strong contribution to climate change. The hydrogen flame ionization detector and Hi-Flow sampler (a large flow methane detector) technologies were used to measure fugitive methane emissions in five distinct categories of stations in natural gas transmission pipelines in China. The methane emission rate of different components was quantified, enabling a comparison of methane emission characteristics across different stations. The resulting data was used to deduce a correlation equation between the methane concentration and the emission rate of various components. The leakage probability of components in the surveyed stations ranged from 2.54% to 7.77%. Notably, the leakage probability of liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals was considerably higher than that of the other stations. A one-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in methane emission rates between components with different processes. The bootstrap method was used to calculate the mean methane emission rates and 95% confidence intervals for each component. The mean methane emission rates and 95% confidence intervals for valves, flanges, connectors and open-ended lines were 26.43 (15.86, 38.56), 35.84 (23.36, 50.19), 4.90 (3.43, 6.73), and 30.76 (18.62, 44.19) kg/a, respectively. In conclusion, the total fugitive methane emissions detected at the LNG terminal and underground gas storage were 5,202.1 and 1,891 kg/a, respectively. There were no significant differences in the emissions of the compressor, distribution, and meter stations on the natural gas transmission trunk pipe, with values between 1,000 and 1,200 kg/a. The bootstrap method, in conjunction with the Monte Carlo method, was used to estimate the fugitive methane emissions in the compressor area of another natural gas compressor station. The estimated result was 1,853.58 kg/a, while the measured value was 1,418.55 kg/a, therefore exhibiting a slight discrepancy.
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publisher KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.
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series Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering
spelling doaj-art-a1bdb30e2de44fcbb2b87c023bba9a242025-08-20T03:56:42ZengKeAi Communications Co. Ltd.Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering2667-14332025-06-015210022910.1016/j.jpse.2024.100229Quantification of methane emissions from typical natural gas stations using on-site measurement technologyWenlong Jia0Pingyang Jia1Li Gu2Lei Ren3Yang Zhang4Honghuan Chen5Xia Wu6Wei Feng7Jiujiang Cai8School of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China; Corresponding author at: Southwest Petroleum University SWPU, China.School of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, ChinaPipe China SouthWest Pipeline Company, Chengdu, 610036, ChinaPipe China SouthWest Pipeline Company, Chengdu, 610036, ChinaSchool of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, ChinaSchool of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, ChinaSchool of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, ChinaSchool of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, ChinaSchool of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, ChinaNatural gas transmission systems are the main source of methane emissions in the oil and gas industry. Methane, as the second most potent greenhouse gas, makes a strong contribution to climate change. The hydrogen flame ionization detector and Hi-Flow sampler (a large flow methane detector) technologies were used to measure fugitive methane emissions in five distinct categories of stations in natural gas transmission pipelines in China. The methane emission rate of different components was quantified, enabling a comparison of methane emission characteristics across different stations. The resulting data was used to deduce a correlation equation between the methane concentration and the emission rate of various components. The leakage probability of components in the surveyed stations ranged from 2.54% to 7.77%. Notably, the leakage probability of liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals was considerably higher than that of the other stations. A one-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in methane emission rates between components with different processes. The bootstrap method was used to calculate the mean methane emission rates and 95% confidence intervals for each component. The mean methane emission rates and 95% confidence intervals for valves, flanges, connectors and open-ended lines were 26.43 (15.86, 38.56), 35.84 (23.36, 50.19), 4.90 (3.43, 6.73), and 30.76 (18.62, 44.19) kg/a, respectively. In conclusion, the total fugitive methane emissions detected at the LNG terminal and underground gas storage were 5,202.1 and 1,891 kg/a, respectively. There were no significant differences in the emissions of the compressor, distribution, and meter stations on the natural gas transmission trunk pipe, with values between 1,000 and 1,200 kg/a. The bootstrap method, in conjunction with the Monte Carlo method, was used to estimate the fugitive methane emissions in the compressor area of another natural gas compressor station. The estimated result was 1,853.58 kg/a, while the measured value was 1,418.55 kg/a, therefore exhibiting a slight discrepancy.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667143324000568Methane emission accountingNatural gas stationFugitive emissionBottom-up measurementCorrelation equation
spellingShingle Wenlong Jia
Pingyang Jia
Li Gu
Lei Ren
Yang Zhang
Honghuan Chen
Xia Wu
Wei Feng
Jiujiang Cai
Quantification of methane emissions from typical natural gas stations using on-site measurement technology
Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering
Methane emission accounting
Natural gas station
Fugitive emission
Bottom-up measurement
Correlation equation
title Quantification of methane emissions from typical natural gas stations using on-site measurement technology
title_full Quantification of methane emissions from typical natural gas stations using on-site measurement technology
title_fullStr Quantification of methane emissions from typical natural gas stations using on-site measurement technology
title_full_unstemmed Quantification of methane emissions from typical natural gas stations using on-site measurement technology
title_short Quantification of methane emissions from typical natural gas stations using on-site measurement technology
title_sort quantification of methane emissions from typical natural gas stations using on site measurement technology
topic Methane emission accounting
Natural gas station
Fugitive emission
Bottom-up measurement
Correlation equation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667143324000568
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