Flexible Formation of Nanoparticles: Selectively Self-Assembling with Glycoclusters to Form Nano-Photosensitizers for Multipurpose Bioimaging and Photodynamic Therapy
The smart construction of nano-photosensitizers (PSs) is significant for multipurpose applications, such as bioimaging, efficient photodynamic anti-tumor or anti-bacterial studies. This work reports a flexible self-assembling strategy for the construction of nano-PSs, in which PSs spontaneously form...
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2025-03-01
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| author | Kai-Li He Wen-Jia Li Yu Hu Lu-Lu Sun Lei Dong Jing Xing Jin Gong Xiaoming Gong Hai-Hao Han |
| author_facet | Kai-Li He Wen-Jia Li Yu Hu Lu-Lu Sun Lei Dong Jing Xing Jin Gong Xiaoming Gong Hai-Hao Han |
| author_sort | Kai-Li He |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The smart construction of nano-photosensitizers (PSs) is significant for multipurpose applications, such as bioimaging, efficient photodynamic anti-tumor or anti-bacterial studies. This work reports a flexible self-assembling strategy for the construction of nano-PSs, in which PSs spontaneously form amorphous aggregates for killing bacteria, or self-assemble with tetraphenylethene (TPE) based glycoclusters (<b>TPE-Glc<sub>4</sub></b>) to construct glyco-dots for cell imaging and photodynamic anti-tumor studies. Tricyanofuran (TCF) and TPE units were bridged with furan or thiophene moiety to construct two PSs (<b>1</b> and <b>2</b>) with NIR fluorescence in monomers, and a performance of the aggregation-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (AIG-ROS) in an aggregated state. Compared to the large amorphous aggregates (<b>2-a</b>), TPE-based glycoclusters encapsulated with PS form glyco-dots (<b>2-Glc</b>) that exhibit a smaller and more homogeneous hydrated size of approximately 40 nm, as well as enhanced water-solubility and biocompatibility. TPE-glycoclusters facilitate the cellular uptake of <b>2</b> into HepG2 cells, therefore enhancing the NIR fluorescence imaging signal and photodynamic therapy. Meanwhile, <b>2-a</b> exhibits satisfied phototoxicity against <i>Escherichia coli</i>. This work highlights the flexible self-assembly of nano-PSs for multifunctional bioapplications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a1bc51ae89a24abaae91d588c382e045 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-a1bc51ae89a24abaae91d588c382e0452025-08-20T02:42:28ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-03-01306127410.3390/molecules30061274Flexible Formation of Nanoparticles: Selectively Self-Assembling with Glycoclusters to Form Nano-Photosensitizers for Multipurpose Bioimaging and Photodynamic TherapyKai-Li He0Wen-Jia Li1Yu Hu2Lu-Lu Sun3Lei Dong4Jing Xing5Jin Gong6Xiaoming Gong7Hai-Hao Han8School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, ChinaShandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, ChinaShandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, ChinaSchool of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261053, ChinaComprehensive Technical Service Center of Weifang Customs, Weifang 261041, ChinaShandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai 264117, ChinaThe smart construction of nano-photosensitizers (PSs) is significant for multipurpose applications, such as bioimaging, efficient photodynamic anti-tumor or anti-bacterial studies. This work reports a flexible self-assembling strategy for the construction of nano-PSs, in which PSs spontaneously form amorphous aggregates for killing bacteria, or self-assemble with tetraphenylethene (TPE) based glycoclusters (<b>TPE-Glc<sub>4</sub></b>) to construct glyco-dots for cell imaging and photodynamic anti-tumor studies. Tricyanofuran (TCF) and TPE units were bridged with furan or thiophene moiety to construct two PSs (<b>1</b> and <b>2</b>) with NIR fluorescence in monomers, and a performance of the aggregation-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (AIG-ROS) in an aggregated state. Compared to the large amorphous aggregates (<b>2-a</b>), TPE-based glycoclusters encapsulated with PS form glyco-dots (<b>2-Glc</b>) that exhibit a smaller and more homogeneous hydrated size of approximately 40 nm, as well as enhanced water-solubility and biocompatibility. TPE-glycoclusters facilitate the cellular uptake of <b>2</b> into HepG2 cells, therefore enhancing the NIR fluorescence imaging signal and photodynamic therapy. Meanwhile, <b>2-a</b> exhibits satisfied phototoxicity against <i>Escherichia coli</i>. This work highlights the flexible self-assembly of nano-PSs for multifunctional bioapplications.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/6/1274TPE-glycoclusterself-assemblybiological uptakephotodynamic therapy |
| spellingShingle | Kai-Li He Wen-Jia Li Yu Hu Lu-Lu Sun Lei Dong Jing Xing Jin Gong Xiaoming Gong Hai-Hao Han Flexible Formation of Nanoparticles: Selectively Self-Assembling with Glycoclusters to Form Nano-Photosensitizers for Multipurpose Bioimaging and Photodynamic Therapy Molecules TPE-glycocluster self-assembly biological uptake photodynamic therapy |
| title | Flexible Formation of Nanoparticles: Selectively Self-Assembling with Glycoclusters to Form Nano-Photosensitizers for Multipurpose Bioimaging and Photodynamic Therapy |
| title_full | Flexible Formation of Nanoparticles: Selectively Self-Assembling with Glycoclusters to Form Nano-Photosensitizers for Multipurpose Bioimaging and Photodynamic Therapy |
| title_fullStr | Flexible Formation of Nanoparticles: Selectively Self-Assembling with Glycoclusters to Form Nano-Photosensitizers for Multipurpose Bioimaging and Photodynamic Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flexible Formation of Nanoparticles: Selectively Self-Assembling with Glycoclusters to Form Nano-Photosensitizers for Multipurpose Bioimaging and Photodynamic Therapy |
| title_short | Flexible Formation of Nanoparticles: Selectively Self-Assembling with Glycoclusters to Form Nano-Photosensitizers for Multipurpose Bioimaging and Photodynamic Therapy |
| title_sort | flexible formation of nanoparticles selectively self assembling with glycoclusters to form nano photosensitizers for multipurpose bioimaging and photodynamic therapy |
| topic | TPE-glycocluster self-assembly biological uptake photodynamic therapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/6/1274 |
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