Association of secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy with left ventricle structure and function in offspring at 4 years old: a prospective birth cohort study

Abstract Background The association of secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy with childhood cardiac alterations remains insufficiently elucidated. This study aims to explore the correlation between maternal passive smoking during gestation with cardiac structure and function of offspring. Metho...

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Main Authors: Bo Wang, Yongxuan Peng, Hualin Wang, Zhikang Xu, Bowen Du, Yiwei Niu, Zhuoyan Li, Zhi Wang, Qianchuo Wang, Caifang Xu, Shengju Yin, Yanan Lu, Jian Wang, Kun Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07636-7
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author Bo Wang
Yongxuan Peng
Hualin Wang
Zhikang Xu
Bowen Du
Yiwei Niu
Zhuoyan Li
Zhi Wang
Qianchuo Wang
Caifang Xu
Shengju Yin
Yanan Lu
Jian Wang
Kun Sun
author_facet Bo Wang
Yongxuan Peng
Hualin Wang
Zhikang Xu
Bowen Du
Yiwei Niu
Zhuoyan Li
Zhi Wang
Qianchuo Wang
Caifang Xu
Shengju Yin
Yanan Lu
Jian Wang
Kun Sun
author_sort Bo Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The association of secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy with childhood cardiac alterations remains insufficiently elucidated. This study aims to explore the correlation between maternal passive smoking during gestation with cardiac structure and function of offspring. Methods 1089 mother-offspring pairs from the Shanghai Birth Cohort were included. Information on secondhand smoke exposure during each trimester of pregnancy and baseline characteristics was documented during pregnancy via structured questionnaire. Subsequent follow-up assessments, encompassing anthropometric information and echocardiographic evaluation, were conducted from 2018 to 2021, when the children were 4 years old. Multiple linear regressions models were used to explore the association of secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy with left ventricular measurements in early childhood. Results Secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy was correlated with increased left ventricle (LV) internal diameter in diastole [LVIDd; β = 0.38, 95%CI: (0.06, 0.70)] and in systole [LVIDs; β = 0.28, 95%CI: (0.02, 0.54)] adjusted for maternal and child characteristics. Specifically, maternal passive smoking in early pregnancy (≤ 12 weeks of gestation) showed a positive association with LV internal diameter in diastole [LVIDd; β = 0.46, 95%CI: (0.14, 0.79)], in systole [LVIDs; β = 0.35, 95%CI: (0.09, 0.60)], end diastolic volume [LVEDV; β = 1.45, 95%CI: (0.26, 2.63)] and end systolic volume [LVESV; β = 0.68, 95%CI: (0.18, 1.19)]. No significant association was observed between secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy and LV function of offspring. Conclusion Secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy was correlated with subclinical alterations in LV dimensions of offspring, especially during the early stage of pregnancy. Further research is necessary to confirm our findings and to explore the long-term effect of these cardiac changes on later cardiovascular risks.
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spelling doaj-art-a1bc166b373e457f87a8c9ca81b6d98a2025-08-20T01:47:30ZengBMCBMC Pregnancy and Childbirth1471-23932025-04-0125111010.1186/s12884-025-07636-7Association of secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy with left ventricle structure and function in offspring at 4 years old: a prospective birth cohort studyBo Wang0Yongxuan Peng1Hualin Wang2Zhikang Xu3Bowen Du4Yiwei Niu5Zhuoyan Li6Zhi Wang7Qianchuo Wang8Caifang Xu9Shengju Yin10Yanan Lu11Jian Wang12Kun Sun13Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineMinistry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Pediatric Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineAbstract Background The association of secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy with childhood cardiac alterations remains insufficiently elucidated. This study aims to explore the correlation between maternal passive smoking during gestation with cardiac structure and function of offspring. Methods 1089 mother-offspring pairs from the Shanghai Birth Cohort were included. Information on secondhand smoke exposure during each trimester of pregnancy and baseline characteristics was documented during pregnancy via structured questionnaire. Subsequent follow-up assessments, encompassing anthropometric information and echocardiographic evaluation, were conducted from 2018 to 2021, when the children were 4 years old. Multiple linear regressions models were used to explore the association of secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy with left ventricular measurements in early childhood. Results Secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy was correlated with increased left ventricle (LV) internal diameter in diastole [LVIDd; β = 0.38, 95%CI: (0.06, 0.70)] and in systole [LVIDs; β = 0.28, 95%CI: (0.02, 0.54)] adjusted for maternal and child characteristics. Specifically, maternal passive smoking in early pregnancy (≤ 12 weeks of gestation) showed a positive association with LV internal diameter in diastole [LVIDd; β = 0.46, 95%CI: (0.14, 0.79)], in systole [LVIDs; β = 0.35, 95%CI: (0.09, 0.60)], end diastolic volume [LVEDV; β = 1.45, 95%CI: (0.26, 2.63)] and end systolic volume [LVESV; β = 0.68, 95%CI: (0.18, 1.19)]. No significant association was observed between secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy and LV function of offspring. Conclusion Secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy was correlated with subclinical alterations in LV dimensions of offspring, especially during the early stage of pregnancy. Further research is necessary to confirm our findings and to explore the long-term effect of these cardiac changes on later cardiovascular risks.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07636-7Secondhand smoke during pregnancyLeft ventricle structureProspective cohort study
spellingShingle Bo Wang
Yongxuan Peng
Hualin Wang
Zhikang Xu
Bowen Du
Yiwei Niu
Zhuoyan Li
Zhi Wang
Qianchuo Wang
Caifang Xu
Shengju Yin
Yanan Lu
Jian Wang
Kun Sun
Association of secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy with left ventricle structure and function in offspring at 4 years old: a prospective birth cohort study
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Secondhand smoke during pregnancy
Left ventricle structure
Prospective cohort study
title Association of secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy with left ventricle structure and function in offspring at 4 years old: a prospective birth cohort study
title_full Association of secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy with left ventricle structure and function in offspring at 4 years old: a prospective birth cohort study
title_fullStr Association of secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy with left ventricle structure and function in offspring at 4 years old: a prospective birth cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Association of secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy with left ventricle structure and function in offspring at 4 years old: a prospective birth cohort study
title_short Association of secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy with left ventricle structure and function in offspring at 4 years old: a prospective birth cohort study
title_sort association of secondhand smoke exposure during pregnancy with left ventricle structure and function in offspring at 4 years old a prospective birth cohort study
topic Secondhand smoke during pregnancy
Left ventricle structure
Prospective cohort study
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-025-07636-7
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