Modelling Contract Farming Impact on Poultry Farm Income: Lessons from the Nigerian Anchor-Borrower Outgrowers’ Programme

Contract farming was introduced in Nigeria to address the challenges faced by smallholder farming households in realising farming objectives. Therefore, this study examined the effectiveness of the Anchor-borrower Outgrowers’ Programme in fulfilling one of its roles of increasing the net farm incom...

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Main Authors: Olabisi Damilola Omodara, Oluwemimo Oluwasola, Akinsola Temitope Oyebanji
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Università degli Studi di Firenze 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development
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Online Access:https://www.jaeid.it/index.php/jaeid/article/view/15968
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author Olabisi Damilola Omodara
Oluwemimo Oluwasola
Akinsola Temitope Oyebanji
author_facet Olabisi Damilola Omodara
Oluwemimo Oluwasola
Akinsola Temitope Oyebanji
author_sort Olabisi Damilola Omodara
collection DOAJ
description Contract farming was introduced in Nigeria to address the challenges faced by smallholder farming households in realising farming objectives. Therefore, this study examined the effectiveness of the Anchor-borrower Outgrowers’ Programme in fulfilling one of its roles of increasing the net farm income of poultry farming households in Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used for data collection from the respondents. The endogenous switching regression model was used to estimate the impact of contract farming on the net farm income of farming households in Southwestern Nigeria. The findings from the first stage of the Endogenous Switching Regression Model revealed that age, major distribution outlet, off-farm income, transaction cost, flock size, and association membership determined farmers’ participation in the poultry anchor-borrower outgrowers’ scheme. The second stage further revealed the socioeconomic characteristics affecting the net income of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, including sales price, flock size, proximity to the urban center (Lagos), education qualification, off-farm income, and transaction cost. The result from the estimated average treatment effect (ATE) revealed that participation in anchor-borrower poultry contract farming had a positive influence on the net farm income of beneficiaries. Thus, evaluating and providing solutions to factors highlighted in this study that hinder participation in contract farming is important to ensuring more farmers enjoy the opportunities provided by contract farming. In this same vein, contract farming programmes in Nigeria should consider providing fixed inputs such as land and buildings through lease agreements, as this influences participation in the programme. In addition, older farmers should be encouraged to key into anchor-borrower poultry contract farming and refrain from viewing them as scam schemes akin to past programmes they engaged in over their extensive years of agricultural experience.
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spelling doaj-art-a1b5347b46384e3aa4c0252eea4ac5072025-08-20T03:28:43ZengUniversità degli Studi di FirenzeJournal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development2240-28022025-07-01119110.36253/jaeid-15968Modelling Contract Farming Impact on Poultry Farm Income: Lessons from the Nigerian Anchor-Borrower Outgrowers’ ProgrammeOlabisi Damilola Omodara0Oluwemimo Oluwasola1Akinsola Temitope Oyebanji2Department of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. NigeriaDepartment of Agricultural Economics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife. NigeriaNess School of Management and Economics, South Dakota State University, USA Contract farming was introduced in Nigeria to address the challenges faced by smallholder farming households in realising farming objectives. Therefore, this study examined the effectiveness of the Anchor-borrower Outgrowers’ Programme in fulfilling one of its roles of increasing the net farm income of poultry farming households in Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was used for data collection from the respondents. The endogenous switching regression model was used to estimate the impact of contract farming on the net farm income of farming households in Southwestern Nigeria. The findings from the first stage of the Endogenous Switching Regression Model revealed that age, major distribution outlet, off-farm income, transaction cost, flock size, and association membership determined farmers’ participation in the poultry anchor-borrower outgrowers’ scheme. The second stage further revealed the socioeconomic characteristics affecting the net income of beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries, including sales price, flock size, proximity to the urban center (Lagos), education qualification, off-farm income, and transaction cost. The result from the estimated average treatment effect (ATE) revealed that participation in anchor-borrower poultry contract farming had a positive influence on the net farm income of beneficiaries. Thus, evaluating and providing solutions to factors highlighted in this study that hinder participation in contract farming is important to ensuring more farmers enjoy the opportunities provided by contract farming. In this same vein, contract farming programmes in Nigeria should consider providing fixed inputs such as land and buildings through lease agreements, as this influences participation in the programme. In addition, older farmers should be encouraged to key into anchor-borrower poultry contract farming and refrain from viewing them as scam schemes akin to past programmes they engaged in over their extensive years of agricultural experience. https://www.jaeid.it/index.php/jaeid/article/view/15968Contract farmingnet farm incomeendogenous switching regression model AIPWR modelaverage treatment effect
spellingShingle Olabisi Damilola Omodara
Oluwemimo Oluwasola
Akinsola Temitope Oyebanji
Modelling Contract Farming Impact on Poultry Farm Income: Lessons from the Nigerian Anchor-Borrower Outgrowers’ Programme
Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development
Contract farming
net farm income
endogenous switching regression model
AIPWR model
average treatment effect
title Modelling Contract Farming Impact on Poultry Farm Income: Lessons from the Nigerian Anchor-Borrower Outgrowers’ Programme
title_full Modelling Contract Farming Impact on Poultry Farm Income: Lessons from the Nigerian Anchor-Borrower Outgrowers’ Programme
title_fullStr Modelling Contract Farming Impact on Poultry Farm Income: Lessons from the Nigerian Anchor-Borrower Outgrowers’ Programme
title_full_unstemmed Modelling Contract Farming Impact on Poultry Farm Income: Lessons from the Nigerian Anchor-Borrower Outgrowers’ Programme
title_short Modelling Contract Farming Impact on Poultry Farm Income: Lessons from the Nigerian Anchor-Borrower Outgrowers’ Programme
title_sort modelling contract farming impact on poultry farm income lessons from the nigerian anchor borrower outgrowers programme
topic Contract farming
net farm income
endogenous switching regression model
AIPWR model
average treatment effect
url https://www.jaeid.it/index.php/jaeid/article/view/15968
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AT akinsolatemitopeoyebanji modellingcontractfarmingimpactonpoultryfarmincomelessonsfromthenigeriananchorborroweroutgrowersprogramme