Intra‐Operative Cholangiography With Indocyanine Green Used to Assess Bile Duct Patency in a Dog With a Ruptured Gallbladder Mucocele

ABSTRACT In human laparoscopic hepatobiliary surgery, near‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF) indocyanine green (ICG) is commonly employed for intraoperative cholangiography to delineate anatomical structures; however, it is not yet used in veterinary medicine. This is the first veterinary case of ICG cho...

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Main Authors: Yujin Kim, Sungin Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-07-01
Series:Veterinary Medicine and Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70430
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author Yujin Kim
Sungin Lee
author_facet Yujin Kim
Sungin Lee
author_sort Yujin Kim
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT In human laparoscopic hepatobiliary surgery, near‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF) indocyanine green (ICG) is commonly employed for intraoperative cholangiography to delineate anatomical structures; however, it is not yet used in veterinary medicine. This is the first veterinary case of ICG cholangiography used to confirm common bile duct (CBD) patency in a dog with a ruptured gallbladder mucocele (GBM). A 10‐year‐old female dog presented with lethargy and anorexia. Blood analysis revealed increased ALT, ALP, GGT, total bilirubin and C‐reactive protein levels. Ultrasonography revealed a ruptured GBM. To evaluate CBD patency during surgery, ICG 0.05 mg/kg was injected intravenously 3 h preoperatively. During cholecystectomy, real‐time NIRF image of ICG in the CBD showed a filling defect, indicating a partial obstruction within the lumen. After gentle massaging manipulation, CBD patency was confirmed using the NIRF image. No catheterisation or flushing of the CBD was required. The patient showed no relevant clinical signs of biliary stasis 5 months post‐surgery. Intraoperative ICG cholangiography efficiently and easily assessed CBD patency in real‐time. In this case, CBD patency was achieved by external manipulation with the surgeon's fingers. Therefore, catheterisation or flushing was not necessary. Since enterotomy or cholecystectomy was unnecessary, complications from the leakage of intestinal content or bile were avoided.
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spelling doaj-art-a1b4793d721e42e18afc5841dcf1d8732025-08-20T03:08:28ZengWileyVeterinary Medicine and Science2053-10952025-07-01114n/an/a10.1002/vms3.70430Intra‐Operative Cholangiography With Indocyanine Green Used to Assess Bile Duct Patency in a Dog With a Ruptured Gallbladder MucoceleYujin Kim0Sungin Lee1Department of Veterinary SurgeryCollege of Veterinary MedicineChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuRepublic of KoreaDepartment of Veterinary SurgeryCollege of Veterinary MedicineChungbuk National UniversityCheongjuRepublic of KoreaABSTRACT In human laparoscopic hepatobiliary surgery, near‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF) indocyanine green (ICG) is commonly employed for intraoperative cholangiography to delineate anatomical structures; however, it is not yet used in veterinary medicine. This is the first veterinary case of ICG cholangiography used to confirm common bile duct (CBD) patency in a dog with a ruptured gallbladder mucocele (GBM). A 10‐year‐old female dog presented with lethargy and anorexia. Blood analysis revealed increased ALT, ALP, GGT, total bilirubin and C‐reactive protein levels. Ultrasonography revealed a ruptured GBM. To evaluate CBD patency during surgery, ICG 0.05 mg/kg was injected intravenously 3 h preoperatively. During cholecystectomy, real‐time NIRF image of ICG in the CBD showed a filling defect, indicating a partial obstruction within the lumen. After gentle massaging manipulation, CBD patency was confirmed using the NIRF image. No catheterisation or flushing of the CBD was required. The patient showed no relevant clinical signs of biliary stasis 5 months post‐surgery. Intraoperative ICG cholangiography efficiently and easily assessed CBD patency in real‐time. In this case, CBD patency was achieved by external manipulation with the surgeon's fingers. Therefore, catheterisation or flushing was not necessary. Since enterotomy or cholecystectomy was unnecessary, complications from the leakage of intestinal content or bile were avoided.https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70430cholangiographyindocyanine greenintraoperativenear‐infrared fluorescencepatency
spellingShingle Yujin Kim
Sungin Lee
Intra‐Operative Cholangiography With Indocyanine Green Used to Assess Bile Duct Patency in a Dog With a Ruptured Gallbladder Mucocele
Veterinary Medicine and Science
cholangiography
indocyanine green
intraoperative
near‐infrared fluorescence
patency
title Intra‐Operative Cholangiography With Indocyanine Green Used to Assess Bile Duct Patency in a Dog With a Ruptured Gallbladder Mucocele
title_full Intra‐Operative Cholangiography With Indocyanine Green Used to Assess Bile Duct Patency in a Dog With a Ruptured Gallbladder Mucocele
title_fullStr Intra‐Operative Cholangiography With Indocyanine Green Used to Assess Bile Duct Patency in a Dog With a Ruptured Gallbladder Mucocele
title_full_unstemmed Intra‐Operative Cholangiography With Indocyanine Green Used to Assess Bile Duct Patency in a Dog With a Ruptured Gallbladder Mucocele
title_short Intra‐Operative Cholangiography With Indocyanine Green Used to Assess Bile Duct Patency in a Dog With a Ruptured Gallbladder Mucocele
title_sort intra operative cholangiography with indocyanine green used to assess bile duct patency in a dog with a ruptured gallbladder mucocele
topic cholangiography
indocyanine green
intraoperative
near‐infrared fluorescence
patency
url https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70430
work_keys_str_mv AT yujinkim intraoperativecholangiographywithindocyaninegreenusedtoassessbileductpatencyinadogwitharupturedgallbladdermucocele
AT sunginlee intraoperativecholangiographywithindocyaninegreenusedtoassessbileductpatencyinadogwitharupturedgallbladdermucocele