Low ALT levels and a new diagnosis of congestive heart failure following COVID-19 infection

AimsCOVID-19 infection may result in complications including congestive heart failure (CHF). It is vital to identify factors associated with CHF post COVID so as to improve outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine whether baseline low alanine transaminase (ALT) levels are associated with new...

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Main Authors: Asher Shafrir, Gil Dagan, Ronny Alcalai, David Leibowitz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1470239/full
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author Asher Shafrir
Asher Shafrir
Asher Shafrir
Gil Dagan
Gil Dagan
Ronny Alcalai
Ronny Alcalai
David Leibowitz
David Leibowitz
author_facet Asher Shafrir
Asher Shafrir
Asher Shafrir
Gil Dagan
Gil Dagan
Ronny Alcalai
Ronny Alcalai
David Leibowitz
David Leibowitz
author_sort Asher Shafrir
collection DOAJ
description AimsCOVID-19 infection may result in complications including congestive heart failure (CHF). It is vital to identify factors associated with CHF post COVID so as to improve outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine whether baseline low alanine transaminase (ALT) levels are associated with new diagnosis of CHF following infection with COVID-19.Methods and resultsThe study was a retrospective cohort study of patients in the Meuchedet Health Fund database. The analysis was performed on all subjects aged 18 years and older who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and had ALT levels measured prior to infection. Patients were excluded if diagnosed with congestive heart failure or cirrhosis prior to COVID-19, or if they died within 30 days of SARS-CoV-2 contraction. The study endpoint was a new diagnosis of CHF as recorded in the subject's electronic medical record.Results131,953 adult patients infected with COVID were included in the cohort. Of them, 205 patients (0.16%) were diagnosed with CHF following COVID-19 infection. The occurrence of CHF was significantly higher in the low ALT group (0.34% vs. 0.14%, p- value < 0.001). This difference was more prominent when analyzing patients aged 50 and older (1.4% vs. 0.35, p-value < 0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression, pre-morbid low ALT remained significantly associated with the occurrence of post COVID-19 CHF (OR—1.95, 95% CI −1.03 to 2.53).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that low ALT levels prior to infection with COVID-19 is associated with a new diagnosis of CHF following infection. Patients with low ALT levels prior to COVID-19 infection should have cardiovascular complaints post COVID carefully assessed.
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spelling doaj-art-a1b14c1309e348ecb50da0882f87b0802025-08-20T03:39:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine2297-055X2025-08-011210.3389/fcvm.2025.14702391470239Low ALT levels and a new diagnosis of congestive heart failure following COVID-19 infectionAsher Shafrir0Asher Shafrir1Asher Shafrir2Gil Dagan3Gil Dagan4Ronny Alcalai5Ronny Alcalai6David Leibowitz7David Leibowitz8Jerusalem District, Meuhedet Health Maintenance Organization, Tel Aviv, IsraelDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, IsraelFaculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, IsraelFaculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, IsraelHeart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, IsraelFaculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, IsraelHeart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, IsraelFaculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, IsraelHeart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, IsraelAimsCOVID-19 infection may result in complications including congestive heart failure (CHF). It is vital to identify factors associated with CHF post COVID so as to improve outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine whether baseline low alanine transaminase (ALT) levels are associated with new diagnosis of CHF following infection with COVID-19.Methods and resultsThe study was a retrospective cohort study of patients in the Meuchedet Health Fund database. The analysis was performed on all subjects aged 18 years and older who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and had ALT levels measured prior to infection. Patients were excluded if diagnosed with congestive heart failure or cirrhosis prior to COVID-19, or if they died within 30 days of SARS-CoV-2 contraction. The study endpoint was a new diagnosis of CHF as recorded in the subject's electronic medical record.Results131,953 adult patients infected with COVID were included in the cohort. Of them, 205 patients (0.16%) were diagnosed with CHF following COVID-19 infection. The occurrence of CHF was significantly higher in the low ALT group (0.34% vs. 0.14%, p- value < 0.001). This difference was more prominent when analyzing patients aged 50 and older (1.4% vs. 0.35, p-value < 0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression, pre-morbid low ALT remained significantly associated with the occurrence of post COVID-19 CHF (OR—1.95, 95% CI −1.03 to 2.53).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that low ALT levels prior to infection with COVID-19 is associated with a new diagnosis of CHF following infection. Patients with low ALT levels prior to COVID-19 infection should have cardiovascular complaints post COVID carefully assessed.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1470239/fullCOVID-19congestive heart failureALTfrailtysarcopena
spellingShingle Asher Shafrir
Asher Shafrir
Asher Shafrir
Gil Dagan
Gil Dagan
Ronny Alcalai
Ronny Alcalai
David Leibowitz
David Leibowitz
Low ALT levels and a new diagnosis of congestive heart failure following COVID-19 infection
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine
COVID-19
congestive heart failure
ALT
frailty
sarcopena
title Low ALT levels and a new diagnosis of congestive heart failure following COVID-19 infection
title_full Low ALT levels and a new diagnosis of congestive heart failure following COVID-19 infection
title_fullStr Low ALT levels and a new diagnosis of congestive heart failure following COVID-19 infection
title_full_unstemmed Low ALT levels and a new diagnosis of congestive heart failure following COVID-19 infection
title_short Low ALT levels and a new diagnosis of congestive heart failure following COVID-19 infection
title_sort low alt levels and a new diagnosis of congestive heart failure following covid 19 infection
topic COVID-19
congestive heart failure
ALT
frailty
sarcopena
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2025.1470239/full
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