Medical treatment for adenomyosis: long term use of progestins

Background Adenomyosis is a uterine disorder causing menstruation-related symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and dyspareunia. A long-term management of the disease is required. Hormonal drugs are the most used, including a variety of progestins, even though few data are av...

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Main Authors: Silvia Vannuccini, Francesco La Torre, Federico Toscano, Anna Rosa Speciale, Milo Giani, Dilruba Tureli, Virginia Manzi, Angela Gallone, Felice Petraglia
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Gynecological Endocrinology
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/09513590.2025.2511329
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author Silvia Vannuccini
Francesco La Torre
Federico Toscano
Anna Rosa Speciale
Milo Giani
Dilruba Tureli
Virginia Manzi
Angela Gallone
Felice Petraglia
author_facet Silvia Vannuccini
Francesco La Torre
Federico Toscano
Anna Rosa Speciale
Milo Giani
Dilruba Tureli
Virginia Manzi
Angela Gallone
Felice Petraglia
author_sort Silvia Vannuccini
collection DOAJ
description Background Adenomyosis is a uterine disorder causing menstruation-related symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and dyspareunia. A long-term management of the disease is required. Hormonal drugs are the most used, including a variety of progestins, even though few data are available on their long-term use in adenomyosis.Objective To evaluate the long-term efficacy of different progestins, including progestin-only pills (POP), for the management of adenomyosis-related symptoms.Methods A total of 140 patients (18-45 years) with adenomyosis were treated with progestins for at least three years. The treatment groups included dienogest (2 mg, n = 71), levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (52 mg, n = 25), desogestrel (75 mcg, n = 20), and drospirenone (4 mg, n = 24). Symptoms were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain and the Pictorial Blood Assessment Chart (PBAC) method for bleeding.Results Dienogest significantly reduced dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and HMB, with efficacy maintained over three years in most patients. However, after the first year 49% of patients required a switch to other treatments due to side effects or contraception need. The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device also effectively managed HMB and pain, with 15% of patients switching treatment due to side effects. Both drospirenone and desogestrel improved HMB and dysmenorrhea, but desogestrel had a higher discontinuation rate due to reduced long-term efficacy. Norethisterone acetate was used as a second-line treatment in cases of intolerance or inadequate response.Conclusion Progestins are effective for the long-term management of adenomyosis symptoms. The flexibility in switching between different progestins or routes of administration may help in optimizing outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-a1a8b1524c91470bbcefca9bc9237c4e2025-08-20T03:47:57ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGynecological Endocrinology0951-35901473-07662025-12-0141110.1080/09513590.2025.2511329Medical treatment for adenomyosis: long term use of progestinsSilvia Vannuccini0Francesco La Torre1Federico Toscano2Anna Rosa Speciale3Milo Giani4Dilruba Tureli5Virginia Manzi6Angela Gallone7Felice Petraglia8Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, ItalyDepartment of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, ItalyBackground Adenomyosis is a uterine disorder causing menstruation-related symptoms such as dysmenorrhea, heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and dyspareunia. A long-term management of the disease is required. Hormonal drugs are the most used, including a variety of progestins, even though few data are available on their long-term use in adenomyosis.Objective To evaluate the long-term efficacy of different progestins, including progestin-only pills (POP), for the management of adenomyosis-related symptoms.Methods A total of 140 patients (18-45 years) with adenomyosis were treated with progestins for at least three years. The treatment groups included dienogest (2 mg, n = 71), levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (52 mg, n = 25), desogestrel (75 mcg, n = 20), and drospirenone (4 mg, n = 24). Symptoms were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain and the Pictorial Blood Assessment Chart (PBAC) method for bleeding.Results Dienogest significantly reduced dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, and HMB, with efficacy maintained over three years in most patients. However, after the first year 49% of patients required a switch to other treatments due to side effects or contraception need. The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device also effectively managed HMB and pain, with 15% of patients switching treatment due to side effects. Both drospirenone and desogestrel improved HMB and dysmenorrhea, but desogestrel had a higher discontinuation rate due to reduced long-term efficacy. Norethisterone acetate was used as a second-line treatment in cases of intolerance or inadequate response.Conclusion Progestins are effective for the long-term management of adenomyosis symptoms. The flexibility in switching between different progestins or routes of administration may help in optimizing outcomes.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/09513590.2025.2511329Adenomyosisprogestinsdysmenorrheaheavy menstrual bleedinglong-term treatment
spellingShingle Silvia Vannuccini
Francesco La Torre
Federico Toscano
Anna Rosa Speciale
Milo Giani
Dilruba Tureli
Virginia Manzi
Angela Gallone
Felice Petraglia
Medical treatment for adenomyosis: long term use of progestins
Gynecological Endocrinology
Adenomyosis
progestins
dysmenorrhea
heavy menstrual bleeding
long-term treatment
title Medical treatment for adenomyosis: long term use of progestins
title_full Medical treatment for adenomyosis: long term use of progestins
title_fullStr Medical treatment for adenomyosis: long term use of progestins
title_full_unstemmed Medical treatment for adenomyosis: long term use of progestins
title_short Medical treatment for adenomyosis: long term use of progestins
title_sort medical treatment for adenomyosis long term use of progestins
topic Adenomyosis
progestins
dysmenorrhea
heavy menstrual bleeding
long-term treatment
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/09513590.2025.2511329
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