From Batch to Pilot: Scaling Up Arsenic Removal with an Fe-Mn-Based Nanocomposite

Arsenic contamination in groundwater is a significant public health concern, with As(III) posing a greater and more challenging risk than As(V) due to its higher toxicity, mobility, and weaker adsorption affinity. Fe-Mn-based adsorbents offer a promising solution, simultaneously oxidizing As(III) to...

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Main Authors: Jasmina Nikić, Jovana Jokić Govedarica, Malcolm Watson, Đorđe Pejin, Aleksandra Tubić, Jasmina Agbaba
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Nanomaterials
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/14/1104
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author Jasmina Nikić
Jovana Jokić Govedarica
Malcolm Watson
Đorđe Pejin
Aleksandra Tubić
Jasmina Agbaba
author_facet Jasmina Nikić
Jovana Jokić Govedarica
Malcolm Watson
Đorđe Pejin
Aleksandra Tubić
Jasmina Agbaba
author_sort Jasmina Nikić
collection DOAJ
description Arsenic contamination in groundwater is a significant public health concern, with As(III) posing a greater and more challenging risk than As(V) due to its higher toxicity, mobility, and weaker adsorption affinity. Fe-Mn-based adsorbents offer a promising solution, simultaneously oxidizing As(III) to As(V), enhancing its adsorption. This study evaluates an Fe-Mn nanocomposite across typical batch (20 mg of adsorbent), fixed-bed column (28 g), and pilot-scale (2.5 kg) studies, bridging the gap between laboratory and real-world applications. Batch experiments yielded maximum adsorption capacities of 6.25 mg/g and 4.71 mg/g in a synthetic matrix and real groundwater, respectively, demonstrating the impact of the water matrix on adsorption. Operational constraints and competing anions led to a lower capacity in the pilot (0.551 mg/g). Good agreement was observed between the breakthrough curves in the pilot (breakthrough at 475 bed volumes) and the fixed-bed column studies (365–587 bed volumes) under similar empty bed contact times (EBCTs). The Thomas, Adams–Bohart, and Yoon–Nelson models demonstrated that lower flow rates and extended EBCTs significantly enhance arsenic removal efficiency, prolonging the operational lifespan. Our findings demonstrate the necessity of continuous-flow experiments using real contaminated water sources and the importance of optimizing flow conditions, EBCTs, and pre-treatment in order to successfully scale up Fe-Mn-based adsorbents for sustainable arsenic removal.
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spelling doaj-art-a19bb066acb34366be5cf261069a00f42025-08-20T03:56:47ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-07-011514110410.3390/nano15141104From Batch to Pilot: Scaling Up Arsenic Removal with an Fe-Mn-Based NanocompositeJasmina Nikić0Jovana Jokić Govedarica1Malcolm Watson2Đorđe Pejin3Aleksandra Tubić4Jasmina Agbaba5Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaDepartment of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaDepartment of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaDepartment of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaDepartment of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaDepartment of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaArsenic contamination in groundwater is a significant public health concern, with As(III) posing a greater and more challenging risk than As(V) due to its higher toxicity, mobility, and weaker adsorption affinity. Fe-Mn-based adsorbents offer a promising solution, simultaneously oxidizing As(III) to As(V), enhancing its adsorption. This study evaluates an Fe-Mn nanocomposite across typical batch (20 mg of adsorbent), fixed-bed column (28 g), and pilot-scale (2.5 kg) studies, bridging the gap between laboratory and real-world applications. Batch experiments yielded maximum adsorption capacities of 6.25 mg/g and 4.71 mg/g in a synthetic matrix and real groundwater, respectively, demonstrating the impact of the water matrix on adsorption. Operational constraints and competing anions led to a lower capacity in the pilot (0.551 mg/g). Good agreement was observed between the breakthrough curves in the pilot (breakthrough at 475 bed volumes) and the fixed-bed column studies (365–587 bed volumes) under similar empty bed contact times (EBCTs). The Thomas, Adams–Bohart, and Yoon–Nelson models demonstrated that lower flow rates and extended EBCTs significantly enhance arsenic removal efficiency, prolonging the operational lifespan. Our findings demonstrate the necessity of continuous-flow experiments using real contaminated water sources and the importance of optimizing flow conditions, EBCTs, and pre-treatment in order to successfully scale up Fe-Mn-based adsorbents for sustainable arsenic removal.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/14/1104arsenicdrinking waterFe-Mn nanocompositepilot scalebreakthrough modelsadsorption capacity
spellingShingle Jasmina Nikić
Jovana Jokić Govedarica
Malcolm Watson
Đorđe Pejin
Aleksandra Tubić
Jasmina Agbaba
From Batch to Pilot: Scaling Up Arsenic Removal with an Fe-Mn-Based Nanocomposite
Nanomaterials
arsenic
drinking water
Fe-Mn nanocomposite
pilot scale
breakthrough models
adsorption capacity
title From Batch to Pilot: Scaling Up Arsenic Removal with an Fe-Mn-Based Nanocomposite
title_full From Batch to Pilot: Scaling Up Arsenic Removal with an Fe-Mn-Based Nanocomposite
title_fullStr From Batch to Pilot: Scaling Up Arsenic Removal with an Fe-Mn-Based Nanocomposite
title_full_unstemmed From Batch to Pilot: Scaling Up Arsenic Removal with an Fe-Mn-Based Nanocomposite
title_short From Batch to Pilot: Scaling Up Arsenic Removal with an Fe-Mn-Based Nanocomposite
title_sort from batch to pilot scaling up arsenic removal with an fe mn based nanocomposite
topic arsenic
drinking water
Fe-Mn nanocomposite
pilot scale
breakthrough models
adsorption capacity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/14/1104
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