Chitosan and Its Derivatives as Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery

Chitosan (CS) occurs naturally as an alkaline polysaccharide and has been demonstrated to have several activities of a biological nature. Additionally, as CS chains have functional hydroxyl and amino groups that are active, their applications can be expanded by chemically or molecularly altering the...

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Main Authors: Ranu Biswas, Sourav Mondal, Md Ahesan Ansari, Tanima Sarkar, Iustina Petra Condiuc, Gisela Trifas, Leonard Ionut Atanase
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/6/1297
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author Ranu Biswas
Sourav Mondal
Md Ahesan Ansari
Tanima Sarkar
Iustina Petra Condiuc
Gisela Trifas
Leonard Ionut Atanase
author_facet Ranu Biswas
Sourav Mondal
Md Ahesan Ansari
Tanima Sarkar
Iustina Petra Condiuc
Gisela Trifas
Leonard Ionut Atanase
author_sort Ranu Biswas
collection DOAJ
description Chitosan (CS) occurs naturally as an alkaline polysaccharide and has been demonstrated to have several activities of a biological nature. Additionally, as CS chains have functional hydroxyl and amino groups that are active, their applications can be expanded by chemically or molecularly altering the molecules to incorporate new functional groups. Due to its outstanding qualities, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and accessibility, it has received significant interest in all areas of biomedicine and nanomaterials being extremely promising as drug nanocarrier. The last decades have produced a lot of interest in CS-based nanoparticles (CSNPs), with an increasing number of research papers from around 1500 in 2015 to almost 5000 in 2024. The degree of crosslinking, the particulate system’s shape, size, and density, in addition to the drug’s physical and chemical properties, all have a role in how the drug is transported and released from CSNPs. When creating potential drug delivery systems based on CSNPs, all these factors must be considered. In earlier, CSNPs were employed to enhance the pharmacotherapeutics, pharmacokinetics, and solubility properties of drugs. By investigating its positively charged characteristics and changeable functional groups, CS has evolved into a versatile drug delivery system. The drug release from CSNPs will definitely be influenced by various changes to the functional groups, charges, and polymer backbone. This review mainly discusses the most important results published in the last decade. Despite the promising advantages of CSNPs, challenges related to the translation into clinical stages remain and further in vitro and in vivo studies are mandatory.
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spelling doaj-art-a19ac55d92a84741b747ae6e3536c2a42025-08-20T02:10:24ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-03-01306129710.3390/molecules30061297Chitosan and Its Derivatives as Nanocarriers for Drug DeliveryRanu Biswas0Sourav Mondal1Md Ahesan Ansari2Tanima Sarkar3Iustina Petra Condiuc4Gisela Trifas5Leonard Ionut Atanase6Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, WB, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, WB, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, WB, IndiaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, WB, IndiaFaculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania“Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania“Cristofor Simionescu” Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, RomaniaChitosan (CS) occurs naturally as an alkaline polysaccharide and has been demonstrated to have several activities of a biological nature. Additionally, as CS chains have functional hydroxyl and amino groups that are active, their applications can be expanded by chemically or molecularly altering the molecules to incorporate new functional groups. Due to its outstanding qualities, including biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, and accessibility, it has received significant interest in all areas of biomedicine and nanomaterials being extremely promising as drug nanocarrier. The last decades have produced a lot of interest in CS-based nanoparticles (CSNPs), with an increasing number of research papers from around 1500 in 2015 to almost 5000 in 2024. The degree of crosslinking, the particulate system’s shape, size, and density, in addition to the drug’s physical and chemical properties, all have a role in how the drug is transported and released from CSNPs. When creating potential drug delivery systems based on CSNPs, all these factors must be considered. In earlier, CSNPs were employed to enhance the pharmacotherapeutics, pharmacokinetics, and solubility properties of drugs. By investigating its positively charged characteristics and changeable functional groups, CS has evolved into a versatile drug delivery system. The drug release from CSNPs will definitely be influenced by various changes to the functional groups, charges, and polymer backbone. This review mainly discusses the most important results published in the last decade. Despite the promising advantages of CSNPs, challenges related to the translation into clinical stages remain and further in vitro and in vivo studies are mandatory.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/6/1297chitosanchemical modificationbiodegradabilitybiocompatibilitynanoparticlescontrolled release
spellingShingle Ranu Biswas
Sourav Mondal
Md Ahesan Ansari
Tanima Sarkar
Iustina Petra Condiuc
Gisela Trifas
Leonard Ionut Atanase
Chitosan and Its Derivatives as Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery
Molecules
chitosan
chemical modification
biodegradability
biocompatibility
nanoparticles
controlled release
title Chitosan and Its Derivatives as Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery
title_full Chitosan and Its Derivatives as Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery
title_fullStr Chitosan and Its Derivatives as Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery
title_full_unstemmed Chitosan and Its Derivatives as Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery
title_short Chitosan and Its Derivatives as Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery
title_sort chitosan and its derivatives as nanocarriers for drug delivery
topic chitosan
chemical modification
biodegradability
biocompatibility
nanoparticles
controlled release
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/6/1297
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AT tanimasarkar chitosananditsderivativesasnanocarriersfordrugdelivery
AT iustinapetracondiuc chitosananditsderivativesasnanocarriersfordrugdelivery
AT giselatrifas chitosananditsderivativesasnanocarriersfordrugdelivery
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