Study and Evaluation of Stored Drinking Water Characteristics Using Three Types of Roof Water Tanks in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq

The scarcity of safe drinking water is one of the problems faced by the majority of cities in the world. Kirkuk city is one of these cities, which suffer from a shortage of drinking water. People have adopted the use of different rooftop tanks to overcome this problem. This research focuses on stud...

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Main Authors: Abdulkhaleq K Mahmood, Ali A Kamal, Ako R Hama
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wasit University 2019-04-01
Series:Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ejuow.uowasit.edu.iq/index.php/ejuow/article/view/110
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author Abdulkhaleq K Mahmood
Ali A Kamal
Ako R Hama
author_facet Abdulkhaleq K Mahmood
Ali A Kamal
Ako R Hama
author_sort Abdulkhaleq K Mahmood
collection DOAJ
description The scarcity of safe drinking water is one of the problems faced by the majority of cities in the world. Kirkuk city is one of these cities, which suffer from a shortage of drinking water. People have adopted the use of different rooftop tanks to overcome this problem. This research focuses on studying the effect of storage time on the five main characteristics of drinking water, which include, acid index (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity (Tr). Three types of tanks were used predominantly (galvanized metal, plastic, and aluminum tanks). By analyzing the results, the characteristics of three samples of municipal source water obtained. Three samples were taken from each tank at different periods (4, 8, and 12 days). The results showed that the storage time affected the characteristics of drinking water. These characteristics differed from one tank to another. Metal tanks showed an increase in total dissolved solids, due to the evaporation process, even as plastic and aluminum tanks showed an increase in pH. The properties of all storage water tanks changed with times, but overall, the results were within the Iraqi limitation for drinking water. It was not easy to only depend on the results of this study to believe that any one type of water tank was better than the other, as the values of most of the variables studied had varied from one type to other. However, many studies have indicated a number of health risks, and most significantly with regard to plastic tanks, which are said to contain dangerous organic compounds that can be transferred to water. Metal tanks can cause zinc leakage, caused by a number of environmental factors at high levels. Aluminum tanks also can have an effect on the water in tanks.
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spelling doaj-art-a198280cd22c47e49308343d16b2b4fb2025-08-20T02:06:46ZengWasit UniversityWasit Journal of Engineering Sciences2305-69322663-19702019-04-017110.31185/ejuow.Vol7.Iss1.110Study and Evaluation of Stored Drinking Water Characteristics Using Three Types of Roof Water Tanks in Kirkuk Governorate, IraqAbdulkhaleq K Mahmood0Ali A Kamal1Ako R Hama2Water Resource Department, Middle Technical University, Kut Technical instituteEnvironmental and pollution control Department, North Technical University, Technical Engineering College, KirkukCivil Engineering Department, Komar University, Solimania, College of engineering The scarcity of safe drinking water is one of the problems faced by the majority of cities in the world. Kirkuk city is one of these cities, which suffer from a shortage of drinking water. People have adopted the use of different rooftop tanks to overcome this problem. This research focuses on studying the effect of storage time on the five main characteristics of drinking water, which include, acid index (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and turbidity (Tr). Three types of tanks were used predominantly (galvanized metal, plastic, and aluminum tanks). By analyzing the results, the characteristics of three samples of municipal source water obtained. Three samples were taken from each tank at different periods (4, 8, and 12 days). The results showed that the storage time affected the characteristics of drinking water. These characteristics differed from one tank to another. Metal tanks showed an increase in total dissolved solids, due to the evaporation process, even as plastic and aluminum tanks showed an increase in pH. The properties of all storage water tanks changed with times, but overall, the results were within the Iraqi limitation for drinking water. It was not easy to only depend on the results of this study to believe that any one type of water tank was better than the other, as the values of most of the variables studied had varied from one type to other. However, many studies have indicated a number of health risks, and most significantly with regard to plastic tanks, which are said to contain dangerous organic compounds that can be transferred to water. Metal tanks can cause zinc leakage, caused by a number of environmental factors at high levels. Aluminum tanks also can have an effect on the water in tanks. https://ejuow.uowasit.edu.iq/index.php/ejuow/article/view/110drinking waterstoragerooftop tanks
spellingShingle Abdulkhaleq K Mahmood
Ali A Kamal
Ako R Hama
Study and Evaluation of Stored Drinking Water Characteristics Using Three Types of Roof Water Tanks in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
Wasit Journal of Engineering Sciences
drinking water
storage
rooftop tanks
title Study and Evaluation of Stored Drinking Water Characteristics Using Three Types of Roof Water Tanks in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
title_full Study and Evaluation of Stored Drinking Water Characteristics Using Three Types of Roof Water Tanks in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
title_fullStr Study and Evaluation of Stored Drinking Water Characteristics Using Three Types of Roof Water Tanks in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
title_full_unstemmed Study and Evaluation of Stored Drinking Water Characteristics Using Three Types of Roof Water Tanks in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
title_short Study and Evaluation of Stored Drinking Water Characteristics Using Three Types of Roof Water Tanks in Kirkuk Governorate, Iraq
title_sort study and evaluation of stored drinking water characteristics using three types of roof water tanks in kirkuk governorate iraq
topic drinking water
storage
rooftop tanks
url https://ejuow.uowasit.edu.iq/index.php/ejuow/article/view/110
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AT aliakamal studyandevaluationofstoreddrinkingwatercharacteristicsusingthreetypesofroofwatertanksinkirkukgovernorateiraq
AT akorhama studyandevaluationofstoreddrinkingwatercharacteristicsusingthreetypesofroofwatertanksinkirkukgovernorateiraq