Precise detection of tiny birefringence with accuracy reaching 10−11 level

Abstract High-precision birefringence detection is crucial in many fundamental and applied research fields such as chirality detection, optical clocks and quantum information. Although numerous techniques have been demonstrated to detect birefringence in optical materials, the current detection prec...

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Main Authors: Xiliang Zhang, Yanwen Hu, Shiwen Zhou, Zepei Zeng, Guohua Liu, Haolin Lin, Zhen Li, Zhenqiang Chen, Shenhe Fu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61800-3
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author Xiliang Zhang
Yanwen Hu
Shiwen Zhou
Zepei Zeng
Guohua Liu
Haolin Lin
Zhen Li
Zhenqiang Chen
Shenhe Fu
author_facet Xiliang Zhang
Yanwen Hu
Shiwen Zhou
Zepei Zeng
Guohua Liu
Haolin Lin
Zhen Li
Zhenqiang Chen
Shenhe Fu
author_sort Xiliang Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract High-precision birefringence detection is crucial in many fundamental and applied research fields such as chirality detection, optical clocks and quantum information. Although numerous techniques have been demonstrated to detect birefringence in optical materials, the current detection precision typically remains at 10−8. Here we introduce a different physical mechanism for birefringence detection in the classical regime, achieving an accuracy at the 10−11 level. Our technique uses an effective photonic two-level system, dynamically driven by a birefringence-sensitive synthetic magnetic field created by propagation-invariant spin-orbit-coupled structured light in the subwavelength regime. The magnetic field equivalent induces the Rabi oscillation of photonic state, manifested as a nontrivial periodic spin-orbital angular momentum conversion. The ultrahigh detection precision arises from high-birefringence-sensitive topological transition between different oscillatory modes with high Rabi frequencies. The detection precision is tunable by controlling envelope size of structured light at the subwavelength scale. Our technique benefits a broad range of applications involving optical birefringence.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2041-1723
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
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series Nature Communications
spelling doaj-art-a17200315fd94b6ea6cd145194e3d7f82025-08-20T03:46:25ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111210.1038/s41467-025-61800-3Precise detection of tiny birefringence with accuracy reaching 10−11 levelXiliang Zhang0Yanwen Hu1Shiwen Zhou2Zepei Zeng3Guohua Liu4Haolin Lin5Zhen Li6Zhenqiang Chen7Shenhe Fu8School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal UniversityDepartment of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan UniversityDepartment of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan UniversityDepartment of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan UniversityDepartment of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan UniversityDepartment of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan UniversityDepartment of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan UniversityDepartment of Optoelectronic Engineering, Jinan UniversitySchool of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal UniversityAbstract High-precision birefringence detection is crucial in many fundamental and applied research fields such as chirality detection, optical clocks and quantum information. Although numerous techniques have been demonstrated to detect birefringence in optical materials, the current detection precision typically remains at 10−8. Here we introduce a different physical mechanism for birefringence detection in the classical regime, achieving an accuracy at the 10−11 level. Our technique uses an effective photonic two-level system, dynamically driven by a birefringence-sensitive synthetic magnetic field created by propagation-invariant spin-orbit-coupled structured light in the subwavelength regime. The magnetic field equivalent induces the Rabi oscillation of photonic state, manifested as a nontrivial periodic spin-orbital angular momentum conversion. The ultrahigh detection precision arises from high-birefringence-sensitive topological transition between different oscillatory modes with high Rabi frequencies. The detection precision is tunable by controlling envelope size of structured light at the subwavelength scale. Our technique benefits a broad range of applications involving optical birefringence.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61800-3
spellingShingle Xiliang Zhang
Yanwen Hu
Shiwen Zhou
Zepei Zeng
Guohua Liu
Haolin Lin
Zhen Li
Zhenqiang Chen
Shenhe Fu
Precise detection of tiny birefringence with accuracy reaching 10−11 level
Nature Communications
title Precise detection of tiny birefringence with accuracy reaching 10−11 level
title_full Precise detection of tiny birefringence with accuracy reaching 10−11 level
title_fullStr Precise detection of tiny birefringence with accuracy reaching 10−11 level
title_full_unstemmed Precise detection of tiny birefringence with accuracy reaching 10−11 level
title_short Precise detection of tiny birefringence with accuracy reaching 10−11 level
title_sort precise detection of tiny birefringence with accuracy reaching 10 11 level
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61800-3
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