Glucose stimulated CEST MRI pHe mapping for improved differentiation of tumors with altered hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha expression

Abstract Identification of highly aggressive tumors from benign phenotypes is an important diagnostic need, with increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) as one factor linked to tumor progression and treatment response. HIF-1α stabilization is closely linked to extracellular pH (...

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Main Authors: Aruna Singh, Julia Stabinska, Balaji Krishnamachary, Farzad Sedaghat, Sridhar Nimmagadda, Jeff W. M. Bulte, Zaver M. Bhujwalla, Michael T. McMahon
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14102-z
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author Aruna Singh
Julia Stabinska
Balaji Krishnamachary
Farzad Sedaghat
Sridhar Nimmagadda
Jeff W. M. Bulte
Zaver M. Bhujwalla
Michael T. McMahon
author_facet Aruna Singh
Julia Stabinska
Balaji Krishnamachary
Farzad Sedaghat
Sridhar Nimmagadda
Jeff W. M. Bulte
Zaver M. Bhujwalla
Michael T. McMahon
author_sort Aruna Singh
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Identification of highly aggressive tumors from benign phenotypes is an important diagnostic need, with increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) as one factor linked to tumor progression and treatment response. HIF-1α stabilization is closely linked to extracellular pH (pHe) through the regulation of glycolysis, proton transporters and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—based pHe measurement has shown promise in differentiating tumor phenotypes. In this study, we evaluated a new protocol designed to enhance tumor acidosis by administering glucose prior to pHe measurements in orthotopic human breast cancer xenografts. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we used human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells that were either wild type (231-WT) or genetically engineered to stably express short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against HIF-1α (231-HIF-1α-shRNA) or engineered to overexpress VEGF (231-VEGF). Iopamidol was administered for chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI pHe mapping. We observed enhanced differentiation in the pHe maps following glucose administration, with mean pHe of 6.1 ± 0.12 (231-WT), 6.3 ± 0.04 (231-VEGF) and 6.58 ± 0.04 (231-HIF-1α-shRNA). Without glucose stimulation, the corresponding values were 6.31 ± 0.04 (231-WT), 6.30 ± 0.07 (231-VEGF), and 6.55 ± 0.04 (231-HIF-1α-shRNA). These findings were validated by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Collectively our data demonstrate that CEST MRI pHe mapping can effectively differentiates tumors with low HIF-1α expression and that glucose stimulation enhances this differentiation, offering a valuable tool for improved tumor characterization.
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spelling doaj-art-a1715b70100e45c08bcc7f39e416ebfc2025-08-20T04:01:51ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-14102-zGlucose stimulated CEST MRI pHe mapping for improved differentiation of tumors with altered hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha expressionAruna Singh0Julia Stabinska1Balaji Krishnamachary2Farzad Sedaghat3Sridhar Nimmagadda4Jeff W. M. Bulte5Zaver M. Bhujwalla6Michael T. McMahon7F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger InstituteF.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger InstituteRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineRussell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineF.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger InstituteAbstract Identification of highly aggressive tumors from benign phenotypes is an important diagnostic need, with increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) as one factor linked to tumor progression and treatment response. HIF-1α stabilization is closely linked to extracellular pH (pHe) through the regulation of glycolysis, proton transporters and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)—based pHe measurement has shown promise in differentiating tumor phenotypes. In this study, we evaluated a new protocol designed to enhance tumor acidosis by administering glucose prior to pHe measurements in orthotopic human breast cancer xenografts. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we used human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) MDA-MB-231 cells that were either wild type (231-WT) or genetically engineered to stably express short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against HIF-1α (231-HIF-1α-shRNA) or engineered to overexpress VEGF (231-VEGF). Iopamidol was administered for chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI pHe mapping. We observed enhanced differentiation in the pHe maps following glucose administration, with mean pHe of 6.1 ± 0.12 (231-WT), 6.3 ± 0.04 (231-VEGF) and 6.58 ± 0.04 (231-HIF-1α-shRNA). Without glucose stimulation, the corresponding values were 6.31 ± 0.04 (231-WT), 6.30 ± 0.07 (231-VEGF), and 6.55 ± 0.04 (231-HIF-1α-shRNA). These findings were validated by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Collectively our data demonstrate that CEST MRI pHe mapping can effectively differentiates tumors with low HIF-1α expression and that glucose stimulation enhances this differentiation, offering a valuable tool for improved tumor characterization.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14102-zChemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)pHeHypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)IopamidolBreast cancer
spellingShingle Aruna Singh
Julia Stabinska
Balaji Krishnamachary
Farzad Sedaghat
Sridhar Nimmagadda
Jeff W. M. Bulte
Zaver M. Bhujwalla
Michael T. McMahon
Glucose stimulated CEST MRI pHe mapping for improved differentiation of tumors with altered hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha expression
Scientific Reports
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)
pHe
Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)
Iopamidol
Breast cancer
title Glucose stimulated CEST MRI pHe mapping for improved differentiation of tumors with altered hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha expression
title_full Glucose stimulated CEST MRI pHe mapping for improved differentiation of tumors with altered hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha expression
title_fullStr Glucose stimulated CEST MRI pHe mapping for improved differentiation of tumors with altered hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha expression
title_full_unstemmed Glucose stimulated CEST MRI pHe mapping for improved differentiation of tumors with altered hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha expression
title_short Glucose stimulated CEST MRI pHe mapping for improved differentiation of tumors with altered hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha expression
title_sort glucose stimulated cest mri phe mapping for improved differentiation of tumors with altered hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha expression
topic Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST)
pHe
Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)
Iopamidol
Breast cancer
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14102-z
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