Dual-Dimensional Gaussian Splatting Integrating 2D and 3D Gaussians for Surface Reconstruction

Three-Dimensional Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has revolutionized novel-view synthesis, enabling real-time rendering of high-quality scenes. Two-Dimensional Gaussian Splatting (2DGS) improves geometric accuracy by replacing 3D Gaussians with flat 2D Gaussians. However, the flat nature of 2D Gaussians r...

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Main Authors: Jichan Park, Jae-Won Suh, Yuseok Ban
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6769
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author Jichan Park
Jae-Won Suh
Yuseok Ban
author_facet Jichan Park
Jae-Won Suh
Yuseok Ban
author_sort Jichan Park
collection DOAJ
description Three-Dimensional Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has revolutionized novel-view synthesis, enabling real-time rendering of high-quality scenes. Two-Dimensional Gaussian Splatting (2DGS) improves geometric accuracy by replacing 3D Gaussians with flat 2D Gaussians. However, the flat nature of 2D Gaussians reduces mesh quality on volumetric surfaces and results in over-smoothed reconstruction. To address this, we propose Dual-Dimensional Gaussian Splatting (DDGS), which integrates both 2D and 3D Gaussians. First, we generalize the homogeneous transformation matrix based on 2DGS to initialize all Gaussians in 3D. Subsequently, during training, we selectively convert Gaussians into 2D representations based on their scale. This approach leverages the complementary strengths of 2D and 3D Gaussians, resulting in more accurate surface reconstruction across both flat and volumetric regions. Additionally, to mitigate over-smoothing, we introduce gradient-based regularization terms. Quantitative evaluations on the DTU and TnT datasets demonstrate that DDGS consistently outperforms prior methods, including 3DGS, SuGaR, and 2DGS, achieving the best Chamfer Distance and F1 score across a wide range of scenes.
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spelling doaj-art-a16863fc0e934386afcbff2ee35d79112025-08-20T03:27:02ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-06-011512676910.3390/app15126769Dual-Dimensional Gaussian Splatting Integrating 2D and 3D Gaussians for Surface ReconstructionJichan Park0Jae-Won Suh1Yuseok Ban2Department of Electronics Engineering, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electronics Engineering, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electronics Engineering, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of KoreaThree-Dimensional Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) has revolutionized novel-view synthesis, enabling real-time rendering of high-quality scenes. Two-Dimensional Gaussian Splatting (2DGS) improves geometric accuracy by replacing 3D Gaussians with flat 2D Gaussians. However, the flat nature of 2D Gaussians reduces mesh quality on volumetric surfaces and results in over-smoothed reconstruction. To address this, we propose Dual-Dimensional Gaussian Splatting (DDGS), which integrates both 2D and 3D Gaussians. First, we generalize the homogeneous transformation matrix based on 2DGS to initialize all Gaussians in 3D. Subsequently, during training, we selectively convert Gaussians into 2D representations based on their scale. This approach leverages the complementary strengths of 2D and 3D Gaussians, resulting in more accurate surface reconstruction across both flat and volumetric regions. Additionally, to mitigate over-smoothing, we introduce gradient-based regularization terms. Quantitative evaluations on the DTU and TnT datasets demonstrate that DDGS consistently outperforms prior methods, including 3DGS, SuGaR, and 2DGS, achieving the best Chamfer Distance and F1 score across a wide range of scenes.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6769surface reconstructionview synthesisGaussian splatting
spellingShingle Jichan Park
Jae-Won Suh
Yuseok Ban
Dual-Dimensional Gaussian Splatting Integrating 2D and 3D Gaussians for Surface Reconstruction
Applied Sciences
surface reconstruction
view synthesis
Gaussian splatting
title Dual-Dimensional Gaussian Splatting Integrating 2D and 3D Gaussians for Surface Reconstruction
title_full Dual-Dimensional Gaussian Splatting Integrating 2D and 3D Gaussians for Surface Reconstruction
title_fullStr Dual-Dimensional Gaussian Splatting Integrating 2D and 3D Gaussians for Surface Reconstruction
title_full_unstemmed Dual-Dimensional Gaussian Splatting Integrating 2D and 3D Gaussians for Surface Reconstruction
title_short Dual-Dimensional Gaussian Splatting Integrating 2D and 3D Gaussians for Surface Reconstruction
title_sort dual dimensional gaussian splatting integrating 2d and 3d gaussians for surface reconstruction
topic surface reconstruction
view synthesis
Gaussian splatting
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/12/6769
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AT jaewonsuh dualdimensionalgaussiansplattingintegrating2dand3dgaussiansforsurfacereconstruction
AT yuseokban dualdimensionalgaussiansplattingintegrating2dand3dgaussiansforsurfacereconstruction