Genetic Diversity in Apricot Orchards Across Key Growing Regions in Slovakia and Austria, Along with Cultivar Authentication of Apricot Genotypes Found in the Market
This study was aimed at evaluating the genetic diversity and authentication of apricot cultivars from Slovak and Austrian orchards. Eleven highly polymorphic SSR markers were used to analyse 53 apricot genotypes. A high level of genetic diversity was observed, with a mean of 13 alleles per locus and...
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2025-02-01
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| author | Martina Hudcovicová Lenka Klčová Marcela Gubišová Jozef Gubiš Erika Zetochová Micha Horacek Ján Kraic Michaela Havrlentová Katarína Ondreičková |
| author_facet | Martina Hudcovicová Lenka Klčová Marcela Gubišová Jozef Gubiš Erika Zetochová Micha Horacek Ján Kraic Michaela Havrlentová Katarína Ondreičková |
| author_sort | Martina Hudcovicová |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study was aimed at evaluating the genetic diversity and authentication of apricot cultivars from Slovak and Austrian orchards. Eleven highly polymorphic SSR markers were used to analyse 53 apricot genotypes. A high level of genetic diversity was observed, with a mean of 13 alleles per locus and a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.811. The most polymorphic locus, UDP97-402, exhibited a probability of identity of 0.025, indicating a high discriminatory power. Differentiation analyses revealed distinct groupings of cultivars based on geographical origin and pedigree. Central European cultivars, particularly those related to the landrace ‘Hungarian Best’, formed a distinct cluster. Modern Slovakian cultivars, influenced by the genetic background of cultivars from China and Central Asia, showed a higher level of genetic diversity. The Western European and North American cultivars formed a separate cluster. The developed SSR database proved to be effective in identifying apricot cultivars and detecting mislabelled or misidentified samples. A significant proportion (74%) of samples from commercial orchards were properly and correctly labelled, while 26% were mislabelled. Fifty-three per cent of samples from shops without a cultivar name were successfully identified, and their labels were verified. These results highlight the potential of SSR markers for genetic diversity assessment and cultivar identification in apricots. The results contribute to a better understanding of apricot genetic resources and provide valuable information for breeding programmes, germplasm conservation, and cultivar authentication. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a15fee67cae44bf19e5d29242ea629bd |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-a15fee67cae44bf19e5d29242ea629bd2025-08-20T02:57:40ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-02-01155244410.3390/app15052444Genetic Diversity in Apricot Orchards Across Key Growing Regions in Slovakia and Austria, Along with Cultivar Authentication of Apricot Genotypes Found in the MarketMartina Hudcovicová0Lenka Klčová1Marcela Gubišová2Jozef Gubiš3Erika Zetochová4Micha Horacek5Ján Kraic6Michaela Havrlentová7Katarína Ondreičková8National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 92168 Piešťany, SlovakiaNational Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 92168 Piešťany, SlovakiaNational Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 92168 Piešťany, SlovakiaNational Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 92168 Piešťany, SlovakiaNational Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 92168 Piešťany, SlovakiaDepartment of Lithospheric Research, Vienna University, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, AustriaNational Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 92168 Piešťany, SlovakiaNational Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 92168 Piešťany, SlovakiaNational Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production, Bratislavská cesta 122, 92168 Piešťany, SlovakiaThis study was aimed at evaluating the genetic diversity and authentication of apricot cultivars from Slovak and Austrian orchards. Eleven highly polymorphic SSR markers were used to analyse 53 apricot genotypes. A high level of genetic diversity was observed, with a mean of 13 alleles per locus and a mean expected heterozygosity of 0.811. The most polymorphic locus, UDP97-402, exhibited a probability of identity of 0.025, indicating a high discriminatory power. Differentiation analyses revealed distinct groupings of cultivars based on geographical origin and pedigree. Central European cultivars, particularly those related to the landrace ‘Hungarian Best’, formed a distinct cluster. Modern Slovakian cultivars, influenced by the genetic background of cultivars from China and Central Asia, showed a higher level of genetic diversity. The Western European and North American cultivars formed a separate cluster. The developed SSR database proved to be effective in identifying apricot cultivars and detecting mislabelled or misidentified samples. A significant proportion (74%) of samples from commercial orchards were properly and correctly labelled, while 26% were mislabelled. Fifty-three per cent of samples from shops without a cultivar name were successfully identified, and their labels were verified. These results highlight the potential of SSR markers for genetic diversity assessment and cultivar identification in apricots. The results contribute to a better understanding of apricot genetic resources and provide valuable information for breeding programmes, germplasm conservation, and cultivar authentication.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/5/2444breedingcultivar identificationheterozygositypedigreepopulation structureSSR markers |
| spellingShingle | Martina Hudcovicová Lenka Klčová Marcela Gubišová Jozef Gubiš Erika Zetochová Micha Horacek Ján Kraic Michaela Havrlentová Katarína Ondreičková Genetic Diversity in Apricot Orchards Across Key Growing Regions in Slovakia and Austria, Along with Cultivar Authentication of Apricot Genotypes Found in the Market Applied Sciences breeding cultivar identification heterozygosity pedigree population structure SSR markers |
| title | Genetic Diversity in Apricot Orchards Across Key Growing Regions in Slovakia and Austria, Along with Cultivar Authentication of Apricot Genotypes Found in the Market |
| title_full | Genetic Diversity in Apricot Orchards Across Key Growing Regions in Slovakia and Austria, Along with Cultivar Authentication of Apricot Genotypes Found in the Market |
| title_fullStr | Genetic Diversity in Apricot Orchards Across Key Growing Regions in Slovakia and Austria, Along with Cultivar Authentication of Apricot Genotypes Found in the Market |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic Diversity in Apricot Orchards Across Key Growing Regions in Slovakia and Austria, Along with Cultivar Authentication of Apricot Genotypes Found in the Market |
| title_short | Genetic Diversity in Apricot Orchards Across Key Growing Regions in Slovakia and Austria, Along with Cultivar Authentication of Apricot Genotypes Found in the Market |
| title_sort | genetic diversity in apricot orchards across key growing regions in slovakia and austria along with cultivar authentication of apricot genotypes found in the market |
| topic | breeding cultivar identification heterozygosity pedigree population structure SSR markers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/5/2444 |
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