Study of Natural Dyes’ Liposomal Encapsulation in Food Dispersion Model Systems via High-Pressure Homogenization

The aim of this study was to investigate the encapsulation of natural food dyes incorporated into liposomes in terms of particle size, rheological and colour properties, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency. The liposomes contained dye substances of anthocyanins from freeze-dried raspberry p...

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Main Authors: Lubomír Lapčík, Barbora Lapčíková, Tomáš Valenta, Martin Vašina, Pavlína Dudová, Miroslav Fišera
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/8/1845
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author Lubomír Lapčík
Barbora Lapčíková
Tomáš Valenta
Martin Vašina
Pavlína Dudová
Miroslav Fišera
author_facet Lubomír Lapčík
Barbora Lapčíková
Tomáš Valenta
Martin Vašina
Pavlína Dudová
Miroslav Fišera
author_sort Lubomír Lapčík
collection DOAJ
description The aim of this study was to investigate the encapsulation of natural food dyes incorporated into liposomes in terms of particle size, rheological and colour properties, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency. The liposomes contained dye substances of anthocyanins from freeze-dried raspberry powder (R), copper complexes of chlorophyllins (C), or commercial-grade β-carotene (B). The phospholipid envelope was composed of sunflower lecithin and carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt as a surface stabilizer treated by high-pressure homogenization. The median particle diameter of R and C systems fluctuated around 200 nm, while B systems showed a broader range of 165–405 nm. The rheological results demonstrated a specific flow behaviour pattern dependent on the rotational shear applied, indicating a flow-induced structural change in the dispersions. Samples were characterized by a translucent profile with relatively high lightness, accompanied by a hue angle (<i>h*</i>) typical of the dye encapsulated. The zeta potential was approx. −30 mV, showing electrokinetically stabilized dispersions. The encapsulation efficiency (<i>EE</i>) varied significantly, with the highest <i>EE</i> observed for anthocyanins, ranging from 36.17 to 84.61%. The chlorophyll encapsulation was the least effective, determined in the range between 1.82 and 16.03%. Based on the suitability index, optimal liposomal formulations were evaluated by means of the Central Composite Design (CCD).
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spelling doaj-art-a14037794b79413290da49cdb8fdbc6d2025-08-20T02:28:32ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-04-01308184510.3390/molecules30081845Study of Natural Dyes’ Liposomal Encapsulation in Food Dispersion Model Systems via High-Pressure HomogenizationLubomír Lapčík0Barbora Lapčíková1Tomáš Valenta2Martin Vašina3Pavlína Dudová4Miroslav Fišera5Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, nam. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlin, Czech RepublicDepartment of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, nam. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlin, Czech RepublicDepartment of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, nam. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlin, Czech RepublicDepartment of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, nam. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlin, Czech RepublicDepartment of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, nam. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlin, Czech RepublicDepartment of Food Technology, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, nam. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 760 01 Zlin, Czech RepublicThe aim of this study was to investigate the encapsulation of natural food dyes incorporated into liposomes in terms of particle size, rheological and colour properties, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency. The liposomes contained dye substances of anthocyanins from freeze-dried raspberry powder (R), copper complexes of chlorophyllins (C), or commercial-grade β-carotene (B). The phospholipid envelope was composed of sunflower lecithin and carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt as a surface stabilizer treated by high-pressure homogenization. The median particle diameter of R and C systems fluctuated around 200 nm, while B systems showed a broader range of 165–405 nm. The rheological results demonstrated a specific flow behaviour pattern dependent on the rotational shear applied, indicating a flow-induced structural change in the dispersions. Samples were characterized by a translucent profile with relatively high lightness, accompanied by a hue angle (<i>h*</i>) typical of the dye encapsulated. The zeta potential was approx. −30 mV, showing electrokinetically stabilized dispersions. The encapsulation efficiency (<i>EE</i>) varied significantly, with the highest <i>EE</i> observed for anthocyanins, ranging from 36.17 to 84.61%. The chlorophyll encapsulation was the least effective, determined in the range between 1.82 and 16.03%. Based on the suitability index, optimal liposomal formulations were evaluated by means of the Central Composite Design (CCD).https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/8/1845encapsulationnatural dyeslecithincarboxymethylcelluloseanthocyaninschlorophyllins
spellingShingle Lubomír Lapčík
Barbora Lapčíková
Tomáš Valenta
Martin Vašina
Pavlína Dudová
Miroslav Fišera
Study of Natural Dyes’ Liposomal Encapsulation in Food Dispersion Model Systems via High-Pressure Homogenization
Molecules
encapsulation
natural dyes
lecithin
carboxymethylcellulose
anthocyanins
chlorophyllins
title Study of Natural Dyes’ Liposomal Encapsulation in Food Dispersion Model Systems via High-Pressure Homogenization
title_full Study of Natural Dyes’ Liposomal Encapsulation in Food Dispersion Model Systems via High-Pressure Homogenization
title_fullStr Study of Natural Dyes’ Liposomal Encapsulation in Food Dispersion Model Systems via High-Pressure Homogenization
title_full_unstemmed Study of Natural Dyes’ Liposomal Encapsulation in Food Dispersion Model Systems via High-Pressure Homogenization
title_short Study of Natural Dyes’ Liposomal Encapsulation in Food Dispersion Model Systems via High-Pressure Homogenization
title_sort study of natural dyes liposomal encapsulation in food dispersion model systems via high pressure homogenization
topic encapsulation
natural dyes
lecithin
carboxymethylcellulose
anthocyanins
chlorophyllins
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/8/1845
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