Improvement analysis of organic light emitting diode temperature control by integrating whale algorithm in PID control system.

Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) is a high-performance display technology. Its performance and lifespan are extremely sensitive to the operating temperature. The existing temperature control methods, such as the traditional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller, are difficult to meet...

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Main Authors: Dayu Zhang, Cong Guan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327851
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author Dayu Zhang
Cong Guan
author_facet Dayu Zhang
Cong Guan
author_sort Dayu Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) is a high-performance display technology. Its performance and lifespan are extremely sensitive to the operating temperature. The existing temperature control methods, such as the traditional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller, are difficult to meet the requirements of OLED for precise temperature control, especially in systems with significant nonlinear and time-varying characteristics. To solve this problem, the study proposes an improved PID controller based on the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) optimized by the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). This method combines the global optimization ability of WOA and the timing analysis ability of LSTM. By optimizing the parameters of the PID controller, the accuracy and adaptability of temperature control are improved. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified by constructing a thermodynamic model and combining experimental data. In the experimental results, compared with the traditional PID controller, the overshoot of the WOA-LSTM-PID controller was reduced from 8.5°C to 0.3°C, the steady-state error was reduced from 1.2°C to 0.2°C, the regulation time was shortened from 42.5 seconds to 20.2 seconds, and the response time was shortened from 70.5 seconds to 21.9 seconds. Furthermore, the root mean square error has been reduced from 5.23°C of the traditional PID to 0.78°C. The research results show that the WOA-LSTM-PID controller can significantly improve the accuracy and stability of OLED temperature control, while reducing the regulation time and response time. This controller effectively addresses the nonlinear and time-varying characteristics in OLED temperature control by optimizing the PID parameters. The innovation of the research lies in the combination of the WOA and the LSTM network. By optimizing the parameters of the PID controller, high-precision control of the OLED temperature has been achieved. This study not only proposes a new theoretical optimization method but also verifies its significant performance improvement in experiments. Furthermore, this method has strong universality and can be applied to other temperature-sensitive systems.
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spelling doaj-art-a13cd49e93ae4dceb650d837e726e6a62025-08-20T03:32:04ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01207e032785110.1371/journal.pone.0327851Improvement analysis of organic light emitting diode temperature control by integrating whale algorithm in PID control system.Dayu ZhangCong GuanOrganic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) is a high-performance display technology. Its performance and lifespan are extremely sensitive to the operating temperature. The existing temperature control methods, such as the traditional Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller, are difficult to meet the requirements of OLED for precise temperature control, especially in systems with significant nonlinear and time-varying characteristics. To solve this problem, the study proposes an improved PID controller based on the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) optimized by the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA). This method combines the global optimization ability of WOA and the timing analysis ability of LSTM. By optimizing the parameters of the PID controller, the accuracy and adaptability of temperature control are improved. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified by constructing a thermodynamic model and combining experimental data. In the experimental results, compared with the traditional PID controller, the overshoot of the WOA-LSTM-PID controller was reduced from 8.5°C to 0.3°C, the steady-state error was reduced from 1.2°C to 0.2°C, the regulation time was shortened from 42.5 seconds to 20.2 seconds, and the response time was shortened from 70.5 seconds to 21.9 seconds. Furthermore, the root mean square error has been reduced from 5.23°C of the traditional PID to 0.78°C. The research results show that the WOA-LSTM-PID controller can significantly improve the accuracy and stability of OLED temperature control, while reducing the regulation time and response time. This controller effectively addresses the nonlinear and time-varying characteristics in OLED temperature control by optimizing the PID parameters. The innovation of the research lies in the combination of the WOA and the LSTM network. By optimizing the parameters of the PID controller, high-precision control of the OLED temperature has been achieved. This study not only proposes a new theoretical optimization method but also verifies its significant performance improvement in experiments. Furthermore, this method has strong universality and can be applied to other temperature-sensitive systems.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327851
spellingShingle Dayu Zhang
Cong Guan
Improvement analysis of organic light emitting diode temperature control by integrating whale algorithm in PID control system.
PLoS ONE
title Improvement analysis of organic light emitting diode temperature control by integrating whale algorithm in PID control system.
title_full Improvement analysis of organic light emitting diode temperature control by integrating whale algorithm in PID control system.
title_fullStr Improvement analysis of organic light emitting diode temperature control by integrating whale algorithm in PID control system.
title_full_unstemmed Improvement analysis of organic light emitting diode temperature control by integrating whale algorithm in PID control system.
title_short Improvement analysis of organic light emitting diode temperature control by integrating whale algorithm in PID control system.
title_sort improvement analysis of organic light emitting diode temperature control by integrating whale algorithm in pid control system
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327851
work_keys_str_mv AT dayuzhang improvementanalysisoforganiclightemittingdiodetemperaturecontrolbyintegratingwhalealgorithminpidcontrolsystem
AT congguan improvementanalysisoforganiclightemittingdiodetemperaturecontrolbyintegratingwhalealgorithminpidcontrolsystem