Preparation and Biochemical Characterization of <i>Penicillium crustosum</i> Thom P22 Lipase Immobilization Using Adsorption, Encapsulation, and Adsorption–Encapsulation Approaches

This work describes the immobilization and the characterization of purified <i>Penicillium crustosum</i> Thom P22 lipase (PCrL) using adsorption, encapsulation, and adsorption–encapsulation approaches. The maximum activity of the immobilized PCrL on CaCO<sub>3</sub> microsphe...

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Main Authors: Ismail Hasnaoui, Sondes Mechri, Ahlem Dab, Nour Eddine Bentouhami, Houssam Abouloifa, Reda Bellaouchi, Fawzi Allala, Ennouamane Saalaoui, Bassem Jaouadi, Alexandre Noiriel, Abdeslam Asehraou, Abdelkarim Abousalham
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/3/434
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author Ismail Hasnaoui
Sondes Mechri
Ahlem Dab
Nour Eddine Bentouhami
Houssam Abouloifa
Reda Bellaouchi
Fawzi Allala
Ennouamane Saalaoui
Bassem Jaouadi
Alexandre Noiriel
Abdeslam Asehraou
Abdelkarim Abousalham
author_facet Ismail Hasnaoui
Sondes Mechri
Ahlem Dab
Nour Eddine Bentouhami
Houssam Abouloifa
Reda Bellaouchi
Fawzi Allala
Ennouamane Saalaoui
Bassem Jaouadi
Alexandre Noiriel
Abdeslam Asehraou
Abdelkarim Abousalham
author_sort Ismail Hasnaoui
collection DOAJ
description This work describes the immobilization and the characterization of purified <i>Penicillium crustosum</i> Thom P22 lipase (PCrL) using adsorption, encapsulation, and adsorption–encapsulation approaches. The maximum activity of the immobilized PCrL on CaCO<sub>3</sub> microspheres and sodium alginate beads was shifted from 37 to 45 °C, compared with that of the free enzyme. When sodium alginate was coupled with zeolite or chitosan, the immobilization yield reached 100% and the immobilized PCrL showed improved stability over a wide temperature range, retaining all of its initial activity after a one-hour incubation at 60 °C. The immobilization of PCrL significantly improves its catalytic performance in organic solvents, its pH tolerance value, and its thermal stability. Interestingly, 95% and almost 50% of PCrL’s initial activity was retained after 6 and 12 cycles, respectively. The characteristics of all PCrL forms were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The maximum conversion efficiency of oleic acid and methanol to methyl esters (biodiesel), by PCrL immobilized on CaCO<sub>3</sub>, was 65% after a 12 h incubation at 40 °C, while free PCrL generated only 30% conversion, under the same conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-a1259b68113b4f5ea5caab3419bc2d382025-08-20T02:12:25ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-01-0130343410.3390/molecules30030434Preparation and Biochemical Characterization of <i>Penicillium crustosum</i> Thom P22 Lipase Immobilization Using Adsorption, Encapsulation, and Adsorption–Encapsulation ApproachesIsmail Hasnaoui0Sondes Mechri1Ahlem Dab2Nour Eddine Bentouhami3Houssam Abouloifa4Reda Bellaouchi5Fawzi Allala6Ennouamane Saalaoui7Bassem Jaouadi8Alexandre Noiriel9Abdeslam Asehraou10Abdelkarim Abousalham11Génie Enzymatique, Membranes Biomimétiques et Assemblages Supramoléculaires (GEMBAS), Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), UMR 5246 CNRS, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Bât Raulin, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, FranceLaboratoire des Biotechnologies Microbiennes et Enzymatiques et de Biomolécules (LBMEB), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax (CBS), Université de Sfax (USF), Route de Sidi Mansour Km 6, BP 1177, Sfax 3018, TunisiaGénie Enzymatique, Membranes Biomimétiques et Assemblages Supramoléculaires (GEMBAS), Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), UMR 5246 CNRS, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Bât Raulin, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, FranceLaboratoire de Bioressources, Biotechnologie, Ethnopharmacologie et Santé (LBBES), Faculté des Sciences d’Oujda (FSO), Université Mohammed Premier (UMP), Bd Mohamed VI BP 717, Oujda 60000, MoroccoResearch Unit of Microbiology, Biomolecules and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Chemistry Physics and Biotechnology of Molecules and Materials (LCPBMM), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Mohammedia (FSTM), Hassan II University of Casablanca, BP 146, Mohammedia 28806, MoroccoLaboratoire de Bioressources, Biotechnologie, Ethnopharmacologie et Santé (LBBES), Faculté des Sciences d’Oujda (FSO), Université Mohammed Premier (UMP), Bd Mohamed VI BP 717, Oujda 60000, MoroccoLaboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (LCMB), Equipe de Microbiologie, Faculté des Sciences Biologiques (FSB), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene (USTHB), El Alia, Bab Ezzouar, Alger 16111, AlgeriaLaboratoire de Bioressources, Biotechnologie, Ethnopharmacologie et Santé (LBBES), Faculté des Sciences d’Oujda (FSO), Université Mohammed Premier (UMP), Bd Mohamed VI BP 717, Oujda 60000, MoroccoLaboratoire des Biotechnologies Microbiennes et Enzymatiques et de Biomolécules (LBMEB), Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax (CBS), Université de Sfax (USF), Route de Sidi Mansour Km 6, BP 1177, Sfax 3018, TunisiaGénie Enzymatique, Membranes Biomimétiques et Assemblages Supramoléculaires (GEMBAS), Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), UMR 5246 CNRS, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Bât Raulin, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, FranceLaboratoire de Bioressources, Biotechnologie, Ethnopharmacologie et Santé (LBBES), Faculté des Sciences d’Oujda (FSO), Université Mohammed Premier (UMP), Bd Mohamed VI BP 717, Oujda 60000, MoroccoGénie Enzymatique, Membranes Biomimétiques et Assemblages Supramoléculaires (GEMBAS), Institut de Chimie et de Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), UMR 5246 CNRS, Univ Lyon, Université Lyon 1, Bât Raulin, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne cedex, FranceThis work describes the immobilization and the characterization of purified <i>Penicillium crustosum</i> Thom P22 lipase (PCrL) using adsorption, encapsulation, and adsorption–encapsulation approaches. The maximum activity of the immobilized PCrL on CaCO<sub>3</sub> microspheres and sodium alginate beads was shifted from 37 to 45 °C, compared with that of the free enzyme. When sodium alginate was coupled with zeolite or chitosan, the immobilization yield reached 100% and the immobilized PCrL showed improved stability over a wide temperature range, retaining all of its initial activity after a one-hour incubation at 60 °C. The immobilization of PCrL significantly improves its catalytic performance in organic solvents, its pH tolerance value, and its thermal stability. Interestingly, 95% and almost 50% of PCrL’s initial activity was retained after 6 and 12 cycles, respectively. The characteristics of all PCrL forms were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The maximum conversion efficiency of oleic acid and methanol to methyl esters (biodiesel), by PCrL immobilized on CaCO<sub>3</sub>, was 65% after a 12 h incubation at 40 °C, while free PCrL generated only 30% conversion, under the same conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/3/434<i>Penicillium crustosum</i> lipaseimmobilizationhybrid carriersesterification
spellingShingle Ismail Hasnaoui
Sondes Mechri
Ahlem Dab
Nour Eddine Bentouhami
Houssam Abouloifa
Reda Bellaouchi
Fawzi Allala
Ennouamane Saalaoui
Bassem Jaouadi
Alexandre Noiriel
Abdeslam Asehraou
Abdelkarim Abousalham
Preparation and Biochemical Characterization of <i>Penicillium crustosum</i> Thom P22 Lipase Immobilization Using Adsorption, Encapsulation, and Adsorption–Encapsulation Approaches
Molecules
<i>Penicillium crustosum</i> lipase
immobilization
hybrid carriers
esterification
title Preparation and Biochemical Characterization of <i>Penicillium crustosum</i> Thom P22 Lipase Immobilization Using Adsorption, Encapsulation, and Adsorption–Encapsulation Approaches
title_full Preparation and Biochemical Characterization of <i>Penicillium crustosum</i> Thom P22 Lipase Immobilization Using Adsorption, Encapsulation, and Adsorption–Encapsulation Approaches
title_fullStr Preparation and Biochemical Characterization of <i>Penicillium crustosum</i> Thom P22 Lipase Immobilization Using Adsorption, Encapsulation, and Adsorption–Encapsulation Approaches
title_full_unstemmed Preparation and Biochemical Characterization of <i>Penicillium crustosum</i> Thom P22 Lipase Immobilization Using Adsorption, Encapsulation, and Adsorption–Encapsulation Approaches
title_short Preparation and Biochemical Characterization of <i>Penicillium crustosum</i> Thom P22 Lipase Immobilization Using Adsorption, Encapsulation, and Adsorption–Encapsulation Approaches
title_sort preparation and biochemical characterization of i penicillium crustosum i thom p22 lipase immobilization using adsorption encapsulation and adsorption encapsulation approaches
topic <i>Penicillium crustosum</i> lipase
immobilization
hybrid carriers
esterification
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/3/434
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