Individual bacteria in structured environments rely on phenotypic resistance to phage.

Bacteriophages represent an avenue to overcome the current antibiotic resistance crisis, but evolution of genetic resistance to phages remains a concern. In vitro, bacteria evolve genetic resistance, preventing phage adsorption or degrading phage DNA. In natural environments, evolved resistance is l...

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Main Authors: Erin L Attrill, Rory Claydon, Urszula Łapińska, Mario Recker, Sean Meaden, Aidan T Brown, Edze R Westra, Sarah V Harding, Stefano Pagliara
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021-10-01
Series:PLoS Biology
Online Access:https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3001406&type=printable
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author Erin L Attrill
Rory Claydon
Urszula Łapińska
Mario Recker
Sean Meaden
Aidan T Brown
Edze R Westra
Sarah V Harding
Stefano Pagliara
author_facet Erin L Attrill
Rory Claydon
Urszula Łapińska
Mario Recker
Sean Meaden
Aidan T Brown
Edze R Westra
Sarah V Harding
Stefano Pagliara
author_sort Erin L Attrill
collection DOAJ
description Bacteriophages represent an avenue to overcome the current antibiotic resistance crisis, but evolution of genetic resistance to phages remains a concern. In vitro, bacteria evolve genetic resistance, preventing phage adsorption or degrading phage DNA. In natural environments, evolved resistance is lower possibly because the spatial heterogeneity within biofilms, microcolonies, or wall populations favours phenotypic survival to lytic phages. However, it is also possible that the persistence of genetically sensitive bacteria is due to less efficient phage amplification in natural environments, the existence of refuges where bacteria can hide, and a reduced spread of resistant genotypes. Here, we monitor the interactions between individual planktonic bacteria in isolation in ephemeral refuges and bacteriophage by tracking the survival of individual cells. We find that in these transient spatial refuges, phenotypic resistance due to reduced expression of the phage receptor is a key determinant of bacterial survival. This survival strategy is in contrast with the emergence of genetic resistance in the absence of ephemeral refuges in well-mixed environments. Predictions generated via a mathematical modelling framework to track bacterial response to phages reveal that the presence of spatial refuges leads to fundamentally different population dynamics that should be considered in order to predict and manipulate the evolutionary and ecological dynamics of bacteria-phage interactions in naturally structured environments.
format Article
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institution OA Journals
issn 1544-9173
1545-7885
language English
publishDate 2021-10-01
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
record_format Article
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spelling doaj-art-a10eff5e12c94ff8a153cfc15a290d0a2025-08-20T02:23:08ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Biology1544-91731545-78852021-10-011910e300140610.1371/journal.pbio.3001406Individual bacteria in structured environments rely on phenotypic resistance to phage.Erin L AttrillRory ClaydonUrszula ŁapińskaMario ReckerSean MeadenAidan T BrownEdze R WestraSarah V HardingStefano PagliaraBacteriophages represent an avenue to overcome the current antibiotic resistance crisis, but evolution of genetic resistance to phages remains a concern. In vitro, bacteria evolve genetic resistance, preventing phage adsorption or degrading phage DNA. In natural environments, evolved resistance is lower possibly because the spatial heterogeneity within biofilms, microcolonies, or wall populations favours phenotypic survival to lytic phages. However, it is also possible that the persistence of genetically sensitive bacteria is due to less efficient phage amplification in natural environments, the existence of refuges where bacteria can hide, and a reduced spread of resistant genotypes. Here, we monitor the interactions between individual planktonic bacteria in isolation in ephemeral refuges and bacteriophage by tracking the survival of individual cells. We find that in these transient spatial refuges, phenotypic resistance due to reduced expression of the phage receptor is a key determinant of bacterial survival. This survival strategy is in contrast with the emergence of genetic resistance in the absence of ephemeral refuges in well-mixed environments. Predictions generated via a mathematical modelling framework to track bacterial response to phages reveal that the presence of spatial refuges leads to fundamentally different population dynamics that should be considered in order to predict and manipulate the evolutionary and ecological dynamics of bacteria-phage interactions in naturally structured environments.https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3001406&type=printable
spellingShingle Erin L Attrill
Rory Claydon
Urszula Łapińska
Mario Recker
Sean Meaden
Aidan T Brown
Edze R Westra
Sarah V Harding
Stefano Pagliara
Individual bacteria in structured environments rely on phenotypic resistance to phage.
PLoS Biology
title Individual bacteria in structured environments rely on phenotypic resistance to phage.
title_full Individual bacteria in structured environments rely on phenotypic resistance to phage.
title_fullStr Individual bacteria in structured environments rely on phenotypic resistance to phage.
title_full_unstemmed Individual bacteria in structured environments rely on phenotypic resistance to phage.
title_short Individual bacteria in structured environments rely on phenotypic resistance to phage.
title_sort individual bacteria in structured environments rely on phenotypic resistance to phage
url https://journals.plos.org/plosbiology/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pbio.3001406&type=printable
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