Evaluation of cooperative security and coupling coordination of water-energy-food-ecosystems nexus: a case study of Yulin City

This study focuses on the water scarcity issue in Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, and explores the coordinated development of water, energy, food, and the ecological environment (WEFEco) in the region. Yulin faces significant challenges due to its scarce natural resources and rapid economic and social...

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Main Authors: Jiaqi Sun, Jianyun Zhang, Xiaojun Wang, Yonggang Liu, Jie Zhang, Xu Zhang, Dazhi Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2025-12-01
Series:Water-Energy Nexus
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588912525000086
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author Jiaqi Sun
Jianyun Zhang
Xiaojun Wang
Yonggang Liu
Jie Zhang
Xu Zhang
Dazhi Li
author_facet Jiaqi Sun
Jianyun Zhang
Xiaojun Wang
Yonggang Liu
Jie Zhang
Xu Zhang
Dazhi Li
author_sort Jiaqi Sun
collection DOAJ
description This study focuses on the water scarcity issue in Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, and explores the coordinated development of water, energy, food, and the ecological environment (WEFEco) in the region. Yulin faces significant challenges due to its scarce natural resources and rapid economic and social development. The mismatch between available water resources and the demands of energy production, food production, and ecological water use has intensified the interdependence and competition among these sectors, becoming a major constraint on high-quality development. To assess the collaborative security and coupling coordination of Yulin’s WEFEco nexus, this study constructs an evaluation indicator system and model, analyzing statistical data from 2000 to 2020. The results show that the synergetic security index of Yulin’s WEFEco nexus fluctuated upward over the period, indicating an improvement in the overall synergetic security. However, the index remains below 0.6, suggesting that further strengthening of water resource management, optimizing energy production, improving food production capacity, advancing ecological protection, and enhancing interdepartmental cooperation are necessary. The analysis also reveals four stages of coupling coordination in Yulin’s WEFEco nexus: 1) 2000–2008, a transitional stage with rapid economic growth but lagging management; 2) 2009–2014, a basic coordination stage with improved management measures, though still insufficient; 3) 2015–2017, a period of decline in coordination, characterized by near-coordination development and mild disorder due to environmental and social changes; and 4) 2018–2020, a basic coordination stage where reforms and policies led to improved coordination. The study highlights the important role of economic, policy, and environmental factors in promoting the coordinated development of the WEFEco nexus.
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spelling doaj-art-a10d8f09a9ad490fa86869348e2c4eba2025-08-20T03:51:59ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Water-Energy Nexus2588-91252025-12-01810111410.1016/j.wen.2025.04.001Evaluation of cooperative security and coupling coordination of water-energy-food-ecosystems nexus: a case study of Yulin CityJiaqi Sun0Jianyun Zhang1Xiaojun Wang2Yonggang Liu3Jie Zhang4Xu Zhang5Dazhi Li6School of Geographical Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China; Research Center for Climate Change, Ministry of Water Resources, Nanjing 210029, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Nanjing 210098, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China; Research Center for Climate Change, Ministry of Water Resources, Nanjing 210029, China; Corresponding author at: National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, China.Shaanxi Hydrological and Water Resources Survey Center, Xi’an 710068, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing 210029, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Aquatic Ecosystem Health in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Nanjing 210036, China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaSchool of Geographical Sciences, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, ChinaThis study focuses on the water scarcity issue in Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, and explores the coordinated development of water, energy, food, and the ecological environment (WEFEco) in the region. Yulin faces significant challenges due to its scarce natural resources and rapid economic and social development. The mismatch between available water resources and the demands of energy production, food production, and ecological water use has intensified the interdependence and competition among these sectors, becoming a major constraint on high-quality development. To assess the collaborative security and coupling coordination of Yulin’s WEFEco nexus, this study constructs an evaluation indicator system and model, analyzing statistical data from 2000 to 2020. The results show that the synergetic security index of Yulin’s WEFEco nexus fluctuated upward over the period, indicating an improvement in the overall synergetic security. However, the index remains below 0.6, suggesting that further strengthening of water resource management, optimizing energy production, improving food production capacity, advancing ecological protection, and enhancing interdepartmental cooperation are necessary. The analysis also reveals four stages of coupling coordination in Yulin’s WEFEco nexus: 1) 2000–2008, a transitional stage with rapid economic growth but lagging management; 2) 2009–2014, a basic coordination stage with improved management measures, though still insufficient; 3) 2015–2017, a period of decline in coordination, characterized by near-coordination development and mild disorder due to environmental and social changes; and 4) 2018–2020, a basic coordination stage where reforms and policies led to improved coordination. The study highlights the important role of economic, policy, and environmental factors in promoting the coordinated development of the WEFEco nexus.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588912525000086
spellingShingle Jiaqi Sun
Jianyun Zhang
Xiaojun Wang
Yonggang Liu
Jie Zhang
Xu Zhang
Dazhi Li
Evaluation of cooperative security and coupling coordination of water-energy-food-ecosystems nexus: a case study of Yulin City
Water-Energy Nexus
title Evaluation of cooperative security and coupling coordination of water-energy-food-ecosystems nexus: a case study of Yulin City
title_full Evaluation of cooperative security and coupling coordination of water-energy-food-ecosystems nexus: a case study of Yulin City
title_fullStr Evaluation of cooperative security and coupling coordination of water-energy-food-ecosystems nexus: a case study of Yulin City
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of cooperative security and coupling coordination of water-energy-food-ecosystems nexus: a case study of Yulin City
title_short Evaluation of cooperative security and coupling coordination of water-energy-food-ecosystems nexus: a case study of Yulin City
title_sort evaluation of cooperative security and coupling coordination of water energy food ecosystems nexus a case study of yulin city
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2588912525000086
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