Brokel: Towards enabling multi-level cloud elasticity on publish/subscribe brokers
Internet of Things networks together with the data that flow between networked smart devices are growing at unprecedented rates. Often brokers, or intermediaries nodes, combined with the publish/subscribe communication model represent one of the most used strategies to enable Internet of Things appl...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2017-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147717728863 |
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| _version_ | 1849398590914428928 |
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| author | Vinicius Facco Rodrigues Ivam Guilherme Wendt Rodrigo da Rosa Righi Cristiano André da Costa Jorge Luis Victória Barbosa Antonio Marcos Alberti |
| author_facet | Vinicius Facco Rodrigues Ivam Guilherme Wendt Rodrigo da Rosa Righi Cristiano André da Costa Jorge Luis Victória Barbosa Antonio Marcos Alberti |
| author_sort | Vinicius Facco Rodrigues |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Internet of Things networks together with the data that flow between networked smart devices are growing at unprecedented rates. Often brokers, or intermediaries nodes, combined with the publish/subscribe communication model represent one of the most used strategies to enable Internet of Things applications. At scalability viewpoint, cloud computing and its main feature named resource elasticity appear as an alternative to solve the use of over-provisioned clusters, which normally present a fixed number of resources. However, we perceive that today the elasticity and Pub/Sub duet presents several limitations, mainly related to application rewrite, single cloud elasticity limited to one level and false-positive resource reorganization actions. Aiming at bypassing the aforesaid problems, this article proposes Brokel, a multi-level elasticity model for Pub/Sub brokers. Users, things, and applications use Brokel as a centralized messaging service broker, but in the back-end the middleware provides better performance and cost (used resources × performance) on message delivery using virtual machine (VM) replication. Our scientific contribution regards the multi-level, orchestrator, and broker, and the addition of a geolocation domain name system service to define the most suitable entry point in the Pub/Sub architecture. Different execution scenarios and metrics were employed to evaluate a Brokel prototype using VMs that encapsulate the functionalities of Mosquitto and RabbitMQ brokers. The obtained results were encouraging in terms of application time, message throughput, and cost (application time × resource usage) when comparing elastic and non-elastic executions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a0f7f918c1164abea134d5fb9fa39e2b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1550-1477 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-08-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
| spelling | doaj-art-a0f7f918c1164abea134d5fb9fa39e2b2025-08-20T03:38:34ZengWileyInternational Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks1550-14772017-08-011310.1177/1550147717728863Brokel: Towards enabling multi-level cloud elasticity on publish/subscribe brokersVinicius Facco Rodrigues0Ivam Guilherme Wendt1Rodrigo da Rosa Righi2Cristiano André da Costa3Jorge Luis Victória Barbosa4Antonio Marcos Alberti5Applied Computing Graduate Program, University of Rio dos Sinos Valley (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, BrazilApplied Computing Graduate Program, University of Rio dos Sinos Valley (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, BrazilApplied Computing Graduate Program, University of Rio dos Sinos Valley (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, BrazilApplied Computing Graduate Program, University of Rio dos Sinos Valley (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, BrazilApplied Computing Graduate Program, University of Rio dos Sinos Valley (UNISINOS), São Leopoldo, BrazilNational Institute of Telecommunication (INATEL), Santa Rita do Sapucaí, BrazilInternet of Things networks together with the data that flow between networked smart devices are growing at unprecedented rates. Often brokers, or intermediaries nodes, combined with the publish/subscribe communication model represent one of the most used strategies to enable Internet of Things applications. At scalability viewpoint, cloud computing and its main feature named resource elasticity appear as an alternative to solve the use of over-provisioned clusters, which normally present a fixed number of resources. However, we perceive that today the elasticity and Pub/Sub duet presents several limitations, mainly related to application rewrite, single cloud elasticity limited to one level and false-positive resource reorganization actions. Aiming at bypassing the aforesaid problems, this article proposes Brokel, a multi-level elasticity model for Pub/Sub brokers. Users, things, and applications use Brokel as a centralized messaging service broker, but in the back-end the middleware provides better performance and cost (used resources × performance) on message delivery using virtual machine (VM) replication. Our scientific contribution regards the multi-level, orchestrator, and broker, and the addition of a geolocation domain name system service to define the most suitable entry point in the Pub/Sub architecture. Different execution scenarios and metrics were employed to evaluate a Brokel prototype using VMs that encapsulate the functionalities of Mosquitto and RabbitMQ brokers. The obtained results were encouraging in terms of application time, message throughput, and cost (application time × resource usage) when comparing elastic and non-elastic executions.https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147717728863 |
| spellingShingle | Vinicius Facco Rodrigues Ivam Guilherme Wendt Rodrigo da Rosa Righi Cristiano André da Costa Jorge Luis Victória Barbosa Antonio Marcos Alberti Brokel: Towards enabling multi-level cloud elasticity on publish/subscribe brokers International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks |
| title | Brokel: Towards enabling multi-level cloud elasticity on publish/subscribe brokers |
| title_full | Brokel: Towards enabling multi-level cloud elasticity on publish/subscribe brokers |
| title_fullStr | Brokel: Towards enabling multi-level cloud elasticity on publish/subscribe brokers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Brokel: Towards enabling multi-level cloud elasticity on publish/subscribe brokers |
| title_short | Brokel: Towards enabling multi-level cloud elasticity on publish/subscribe brokers |
| title_sort | brokel towards enabling multi level cloud elasticity on publish subscribe brokers |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147717728863 |
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