Characterizing age-related features for assessing biological age and characteristics in Xinjiang Brown cattle

Abstract Background Productive lifespan is a critical economic trait for both dual-purpose and dairy cows, as it determines lifetime milk production. Xinjiang Brown cattle, a dual-purpose breed widely raised in China's Xinjiang region, have a population of nearly two million and play a vital ro...

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Main Authors: Jiahao Wang, Menghua Zhang, Qingyao Zhao, Siqian Chen, Yongjie Tang, Quanzhen Chen, Lei Xu, Dan Wang, Xiaoping Guo, Kai Xing, Yachun Wang, ChuduanWang, Xixia Huang, Ying Yu
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Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Genomics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11430-2
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author Jiahao Wang
Menghua Zhang
Qingyao Zhao
Siqian Chen
Yongjie Tang
Quanzhen Chen
Lei Xu
Dan Wang
Xiaoping Guo
Kai Xing
Yachun Wang
ChuduanWang
Xixia Huang
Ying Yu
author_facet Jiahao Wang
Menghua Zhang
Qingyao Zhao
Siqian Chen
Yongjie Tang
Quanzhen Chen
Lei Xu
Dan Wang
Xiaoping Guo
Kai Xing
Yachun Wang
ChuduanWang
Xixia Huang
Ying Yu
author_sort Jiahao Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Productive lifespan is a critical economic trait for both dual-purpose and dairy cows, as it determines lifetime milk production. Xinjiang Brown cattle, a dual-purpose breed widely raised in China's Xinjiang region, have a population of nearly two million and play a vital role in the local economy. However, the molecular mechanisms influencing aging and productive lifespan in Xinjiang Brown cattle remain largely unknown. In this study, we collected white blood cell (leukocyte) transcriptome data from 66 Xinjiang Brown cattle, aged 31 to 160 months, to investigate the dynamic changes in their gene expression profiles across different ages and identify genes potentially influencing their aging process. Results A total of 1140 genes were identified as exhibiting a linear change in expression with age, while 697 genes showed non-linear changes, mainly enriched in immune and disease-related pathways. Linear genes were selected using elastic network regression to construct a transcriptomic clock and estimate the biological age of each sample. Individuals with older biological ages trend to highly express aging-related genes such as S100A8, while individuals with younger biological ages will highly express anti-aging genes such as BLVRB. We identified PGA5, LOC789748, ENSBTAG00000048555, and ENSBTAG00000050566 as crucial targets for anti-aging interventions, which exhibit reduced expression in biologically younger individuals and increased expression in biologically older ones. Performing sliding window analysis on non-linear genes, we elucidated changes in the expression of candidate genes at the age of 67 months, which are predominantly associated with endocrine pathways, such as GnRH and insulin secretion. Conclusions This study characterized the age-related gene expression changes in Xinjiang Brown cattle and developed a transcriptomic clock specifically for calculating their biological age. It provides a valuable tool for assessing the aging status of Xinjiang Brown cattle and identifies key genes that may influence their aging process.
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spelling doaj-art-a0e532591ba748d3beccde197a877bb72025-08-20T03:16:31ZengBMCBMC Genomics1471-21642025-05-0126111710.1186/s12864-025-11430-2Characterizing age-related features for assessing biological age and characteristics in Xinjiang Brown cattleJiahao Wang0Menghua Zhang1Qingyao Zhao2Siqian Chen3Yongjie Tang4Quanzhen Chen5Lei Xu6Dan Wang7Xiaoping Guo8Kai Xing9Yachun Wang10ChuduanWang11Xixia Huang12Ying Yu13National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityNational Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityNational Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityNational Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityNational Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityAnimal Husbandry Station of Yili Kazak Autonomous PrefectureNational Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityNational Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityNational Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityCollege of Animal Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityNational Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural UniversityAbstract Background Productive lifespan is a critical economic trait for both dual-purpose and dairy cows, as it determines lifetime milk production. Xinjiang Brown cattle, a dual-purpose breed widely raised in China's Xinjiang region, have a population of nearly two million and play a vital role in the local economy. However, the molecular mechanisms influencing aging and productive lifespan in Xinjiang Brown cattle remain largely unknown. In this study, we collected white blood cell (leukocyte) transcriptome data from 66 Xinjiang Brown cattle, aged 31 to 160 months, to investigate the dynamic changes in their gene expression profiles across different ages and identify genes potentially influencing their aging process. Results A total of 1140 genes were identified as exhibiting a linear change in expression with age, while 697 genes showed non-linear changes, mainly enriched in immune and disease-related pathways. Linear genes were selected using elastic network regression to construct a transcriptomic clock and estimate the biological age of each sample. Individuals with older biological ages trend to highly express aging-related genes such as S100A8, while individuals with younger biological ages will highly express anti-aging genes such as BLVRB. We identified PGA5, LOC789748, ENSBTAG00000048555, and ENSBTAG00000050566 as crucial targets for anti-aging interventions, which exhibit reduced expression in biologically younger individuals and increased expression in biologically older ones. Performing sliding window analysis on non-linear genes, we elucidated changes in the expression of candidate genes at the age of 67 months, which are predominantly associated with endocrine pathways, such as GnRH and insulin secretion. Conclusions This study characterized the age-related gene expression changes in Xinjiang Brown cattle and developed a transcriptomic clock specifically for calculating their biological age. It provides a valuable tool for assessing the aging status of Xinjiang Brown cattle and identifies key genes that may influence their aging process.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11430-2Dual-purpose cattleAgingTranscriptomic clockBiological age
spellingShingle Jiahao Wang
Menghua Zhang
Qingyao Zhao
Siqian Chen
Yongjie Tang
Quanzhen Chen
Lei Xu
Dan Wang
Xiaoping Guo
Kai Xing
Yachun Wang
ChuduanWang
Xixia Huang
Ying Yu
Characterizing age-related features for assessing biological age and characteristics in Xinjiang Brown cattle
BMC Genomics
Dual-purpose cattle
Aging
Transcriptomic clock
Biological age
title Characterizing age-related features for assessing biological age and characteristics in Xinjiang Brown cattle
title_full Characterizing age-related features for assessing biological age and characteristics in Xinjiang Brown cattle
title_fullStr Characterizing age-related features for assessing biological age and characteristics in Xinjiang Brown cattle
title_full_unstemmed Characterizing age-related features for assessing biological age and characteristics in Xinjiang Brown cattle
title_short Characterizing age-related features for assessing biological age and characteristics in Xinjiang Brown cattle
title_sort characterizing age related features for assessing biological age and characteristics in xinjiang brown cattle
topic Dual-purpose cattle
Aging
Transcriptomic clock
Biological age
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-025-11430-2
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