Symbiotic synergy: How Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi enhance nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, and soil health through molecular mechanisms and hormonal regulation
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is integral to sustainable agriculture and enhances plant resilience to abiotic and biotic stressors. Through their symbiotic association with plant roots, AM improves nutrient and water uptake, activates antioxidant defenses, and facilitates hormonal regulation...
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Pensoft Publishers
2025-03-01
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| Series: | IMA Fungus |
| Online Access: | https://imafungus.pensoft.net/article/144989/download/pdf/ |
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| author | Nazir Ahmed Juan Li Yongquan Li Lifang Deng Lansheng Deng Muzafaruddin Chachar Zaid Chachar Sadaruddin Chachar Faisal Hayat Ahmed Raza Javed Hussain Umrani Lin Gong Panfeng Tu |
| author_facet | Nazir Ahmed Juan Li Yongquan Li Lifang Deng Lansheng Deng Muzafaruddin Chachar Zaid Chachar Sadaruddin Chachar Faisal Hayat Ahmed Raza Javed Hussain Umrani Lin Gong Panfeng Tu |
| author_sort | Nazir Ahmed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is integral to sustainable agriculture and enhances plant resilience to abiotic and biotic stressors. Through their symbiotic association with plant roots, AM improves nutrient and water uptake, activates antioxidant defenses, and facilitates hormonal regulation, contributing to improved plant health and productivity. Plants release strigolactones, which trigger AM spore germination and hyphal branching, a process regulated by genes, such as D27, CCD7, CCD8, and MAX1. AM recognition by plants is mediated by receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and LysM domains, leading to the formation of arbuscules that optimize nutrient exchange. Hormonal regulation plays a pivotal role in this symbiosis; cytokinins enhance AM colonization, auxins support arbuscule formation, and brassinosteroids regulate root growth. Other hormones, such as salicylic acid, gibberellins, ethylene, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid, also influence AM colonization and stress responses, further bolstering plant resilience. In addition to plant health, AM enhances soil health by improving microbial diversity, soil structure, nutrient cycling, and carbon sequestration. This symbiosis supports soil pH regulation and pathogen suppression, offering a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers and improving soil fertility. To maximize AM ’s potential of AM in agriculture, future research should focus on refining inoculation strategies, enhancing compatibility with different crops, and assessing the long-term ecological and economic benefits. Optimizing AM applications is critical for improving agricultural resilience, food security, and sustainable farming practices. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a0d877ea9a46451ebc28852b3618fea3 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2210-6359 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Pensoft Publishers |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IMA Fungus |
| spelling | doaj-art-a0d877ea9a46451ebc28852b3618fea32025-08-20T02:51:27ZengPensoft PublishersIMA Fungus2210-63592025-03-011615110.3897/imafungus.16.144989144989Symbiotic synergy: How Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi enhance nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, and soil health through molecular mechanisms and hormonal regulationNazir Ahmed0Juan Li1Yongquan Li2Lifang Deng3Lansheng Deng4Muzafaruddin Chachar5Zaid Chachar6Sadaruddin Chachar7Faisal Hayat8Ahmed Raza9Javed Hussain Umrani10Lin Gong11Panfeng Tu12Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringSouth China Agricultural UniversitySouth China Agricultural UniversitySindh Agriculture UniversityZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringUnited Arab Emirates UniversitySindh Agriculture UniversitySindh Agriculture UniversityDongguan Yixiang Liquid Fertilizer Co. LtdZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringArbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is integral to sustainable agriculture and enhances plant resilience to abiotic and biotic stressors. Through their symbiotic association with plant roots, AM improves nutrient and water uptake, activates antioxidant defenses, and facilitates hormonal regulation, contributing to improved plant health and productivity. Plants release strigolactones, which trigger AM spore germination and hyphal branching, a process regulated by genes, such as D27, CCD7, CCD8, and MAX1. AM recognition by plants is mediated by receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and LysM domains, leading to the formation of arbuscules that optimize nutrient exchange. Hormonal regulation plays a pivotal role in this symbiosis; cytokinins enhance AM colonization, auxins support arbuscule formation, and brassinosteroids regulate root growth. Other hormones, such as salicylic acid, gibberellins, ethylene, jasmonic acid, and abscisic acid, also influence AM colonization and stress responses, further bolstering plant resilience. In addition to plant health, AM enhances soil health by improving microbial diversity, soil structure, nutrient cycling, and carbon sequestration. This symbiosis supports soil pH regulation and pathogen suppression, offering a sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers and improving soil fertility. To maximize AM ’s potential of AM in agriculture, future research should focus on refining inoculation strategies, enhancing compatibility with different crops, and assessing the long-term ecological and economic benefits. Optimizing AM applications is critical for improving agricultural resilience, food security, and sustainable farming practices.https://imafungus.pensoft.net/article/144989/download/pdf/ |
| spellingShingle | Nazir Ahmed Juan Li Yongquan Li Lifang Deng Lansheng Deng Muzafaruddin Chachar Zaid Chachar Sadaruddin Chachar Faisal Hayat Ahmed Raza Javed Hussain Umrani Lin Gong Panfeng Tu Symbiotic synergy: How Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi enhance nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, and soil health through molecular mechanisms and hormonal regulation IMA Fungus |
| title | Symbiotic synergy: How Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi enhance nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, and soil health through molecular mechanisms and hormonal regulation |
| title_full | Symbiotic synergy: How Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi enhance nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, and soil health through molecular mechanisms and hormonal regulation |
| title_fullStr | Symbiotic synergy: How Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi enhance nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, and soil health through molecular mechanisms and hormonal regulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Symbiotic synergy: How Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi enhance nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, and soil health through molecular mechanisms and hormonal regulation |
| title_short | Symbiotic synergy: How Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi enhance nutrient uptake, stress tolerance, and soil health through molecular mechanisms and hormonal regulation |
| title_sort | symbiotic synergy how arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance nutrient uptake stress tolerance and soil health through molecular mechanisms and hormonal regulation |
| url | https://imafungus.pensoft.net/article/144989/download/pdf/ |
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