Adolescents’ Norms of Self-Presentation on Snapchat: Bitmojis as an Expression of Identity Development

Adolescents’ self-presentation on social media as an expression of identity development is influenced by personal norms and perceived social norms of relevant others. Snapchat is popular and widely used by adolescents to express themselves. A Bitmoji, as an alternative to a traditional profile pictu...

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Main Authors: Jessica Kühn, Claudia Riesmeyer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-06-01
Series:Social Media + Society
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251342793
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author Jessica Kühn
Claudia Riesmeyer
author_facet Jessica Kühn
Claudia Riesmeyer
author_sort Jessica Kühn
collection DOAJ
description Adolescents’ self-presentation on social media as an expression of identity development is influenced by personal norms and perceived social norms of relevant others. Snapchat is popular and widely used by adolescents to express themselves. A Bitmoji, as an alternative to a traditional profile picture, offers a wide range of self-presentation options through an avatar editor, including body stature and pose, individual facial features, and (branded) clothing. Based on 53 in-depth interviews with adolescents between the ages of 11 and 16, we investigated how Bitmojis are used for self-presentation and where the underlying action-guiding norms come from. Our study revealed the high perceived relevance of Bitmojis among adolescents who consciously use their Snapchat avatar to express themselves. True self-behavior is essential for some adolescents, evidenced by single, regular, or daily changes to Bitmojis’ hairstyles and clothing. Others engage in false self-behavior, displaying an ideal self to hide disliked body features or showing a false self to experiment with their digital identity. The perceived social norms of the peer group play an important role for adolescents as their personal norms.
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spelling doaj-art-a0d6545d4e1a40ef9ea15657495377b62025-08-20T03:45:44ZengSAGE PublishingSocial Media + Society2056-30512025-06-011110.1177/20563051251342793Adolescents’ Norms of Self-Presentation on Snapchat: Bitmojis as an Expression of Identity DevelopmentJessica Kühn0Claudia Riesmeyer1LMU Munich, GermanyLMU Munich, GermanyAdolescents’ self-presentation on social media as an expression of identity development is influenced by personal norms and perceived social norms of relevant others. Snapchat is popular and widely used by adolescents to express themselves. A Bitmoji, as an alternative to a traditional profile picture, offers a wide range of self-presentation options through an avatar editor, including body stature and pose, individual facial features, and (branded) clothing. Based on 53 in-depth interviews with adolescents between the ages of 11 and 16, we investigated how Bitmojis are used for self-presentation and where the underlying action-guiding norms come from. Our study revealed the high perceived relevance of Bitmojis among adolescents who consciously use their Snapchat avatar to express themselves. True self-behavior is essential for some adolescents, evidenced by single, regular, or daily changes to Bitmojis’ hairstyles and clothing. Others engage in false self-behavior, displaying an ideal self to hide disliked body features or showing a false self to experiment with their digital identity. The perceived social norms of the peer group play an important role for adolescents as their personal norms.https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251342793
spellingShingle Jessica Kühn
Claudia Riesmeyer
Adolescents’ Norms of Self-Presentation on Snapchat: Bitmojis as an Expression of Identity Development
Social Media + Society
title Adolescents’ Norms of Self-Presentation on Snapchat: Bitmojis as an Expression of Identity Development
title_full Adolescents’ Norms of Self-Presentation on Snapchat: Bitmojis as an Expression of Identity Development
title_fullStr Adolescents’ Norms of Self-Presentation on Snapchat: Bitmojis as an Expression of Identity Development
title_full_unstemmed Adolescents’ Norms of Self-Presentation on Snapchat: Bitmojis as an Expression of Identity Development
title_short Adolescents’ Norms of Self-Presentation on Snapchat: Bitmojis as an Expression of Identity Development
title_sort adolescents norms of self presentation on snapchat bitmojis as an expression of identity development
url https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251342793
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