Infection and tissue distribution of highly pathogenic avian influenza A type H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) in red fox kits (Vulpes vulpes)
Avian influenza H5N1 is a highly pathogenic virus that primarily affects birds. However, it can also infect other animal species, including mammals. We report the infection of nine juvenile red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A type H5N1 (Clade 2.3.4.4b) in the spring of...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2023-12-01
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| Series: | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2249554 |
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| author | Brittany D. Cronk Leonardo Cardia Caserta Melissa Laverack Rhea S. Gerdes Kevin Hynes Cynthia R. Hopf Melissa A. Fadden Shotaro Nakagun Krysten L. Schuler Elizabeth L. Buckles Manigandan Lejeune Diego G. Diel |
| author_facet | Brittany D. Cronk Leonardo Cardia Caserta Melissa Laverack Rhea S. Gerdes Kevin Hynes Cynthia R. Hopf Melissa A. Fadden Shotaro Nakagun Krysten L. Schuler Elizabeth L. Buckles Manigandan Lejeune Diego G. Diel |
| author_sort | Brittany D. Cronk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Avian influenza H5N1 is a highly pathogenic virus that primarily affects birds. However, it can also infect other animal species, including mammals. We report the infection of nine juvenile red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A type H5N1 (Clade 2.3.4.4b) in the spring of 2022 in the central, western, and northern regions of New York, USA. The foxes displayed neurologic signs, and examination of brain and lung tissue revealed lesions, with brain lesions ranging from moderate to severe meningoencephalitis. Analysis of tissue tropism using RT-PCR methods showed a comparatively lower Ct value in the brain, which was confirmed by in situ hybridization targeting Influenza A RNA. The viral RNA labelling was highly clustered and overlapped the brain lesions, observed in neurons, and grey matter. Whole viral genome sequences obtained from the affected foxes were subjected to phylogenetic and mutation analysis to determine influenza A clade, host specificity, and potential occurrence of viral reassortment. Infections in red foxes likely occurred due to preying on infected wild birds and are unlikely due to transmission between foxes or other mammals. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a0d240a36b524d5ea7067c6b73bca886 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2222-1751 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| spelling | doaj-art-a0d240a36b524d5ea7067c6b73bca8862025-08-20T03:31:10ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512023-12-0112210.1080/22221751.2023.2249554Infection and tissue distribution of highly pathogenic avian influenza A type H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) in red fox kits (Vulpes vulpes)Brittany D. Cronk0Leonardo Cardia Caserta1Melissa Laverack2Rhea S. Gerdes3Kevin Hynes4Cynthia R. Hopf5Melissa A. Fadden6Shotaro Nakagun7Krysten L. Schuler8Elizabeth L. Buckles9Manigandan Lejeune10Diego G. Diel11Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USADepartment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USADepartment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USADepartment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USANew York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Wildlife Health Program, Albany, NY, USADepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USADepartment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USADepartment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USADepartment of Public and Ecosystem Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USADepartment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USADepartment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USADepartment of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USAAvian influenza H5N1 is a highly pathogenic virus that primarily affects birds. However, it can also infect other animal species, including mammals. We report the infection of nine juvenile red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A type H5N1 (Clade 2.3.4.4b) in the spring of 2022 in the central, western, and northern regions of New York, USA. The foxes displayed neurologic signs, and examination of brain and lung tissue revealed lesions, with brain lesions ranging from moderate to severe meningoencephalitis. Analysis of tissue tropism using RT-PCR methods showed a comparatively lower Ct value in the brain, which was confirmed by in situ hybridization targeting Influenza A RNA. The viral RNA labelling was highly clustered and overlapped the brain lesions, observed in neurons, and grey matter. Whole viral genome sequences obtained from the affected foxes were subjected to phylogenetic and mutation analysis to determine influenza A clade, host specificity, and potential occurrence of viral reassortment. Infections in red foxes likely occurred due to preying on infected wild birds and are unlikely due to transmission between foxes or other mammals.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2249554InfluenzaVulpes vulpesred foxwhole genome sequencinghighly pathogenic avian influenza Atissue tropism |
| spellingShingle | Brittany D. Cronk Leonardo Cardia Caserta Melissa Laverack Rhea S. Gerdes Kevin Hynes Cynthia R. Hopf Melissa A. Fadden Shotaro Nakagun Krysten L. Schuler Elizabeth L. Buckles Manigandan Lejeune Diego G. Diel Infection and tissue distribution of highly pathogenic avian influenza A type H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) in red fox kits (Vulpes vulpes) Emerging Microbes and Infections Influenza Vulpes vulpes red fox whole genome sequencing highly pathogenic avian influenza A tissue tropism |
| title | Infection and tissue distribution of highly pathogenic avian influenza A type H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) in red fox kits (Vulpes vulpes) |
| title_full | Infection and tissue distribution of highly pathogenic avian influenza A type H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) in red fox kits (Vulpes vulpes) |
| title_fullStr | Infection and tissue distribution of highly pathogenic avian influenza A type H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) in red fox kits (Vulpes vulpes) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Infection and tissue distribution of highly pathogenic avian influenza A type H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) in red fox kits (Vulpes vulpes) |
| title_short | Infection and tissue distribution of highly pathogenic avian influenza A type H5N1 (clade 2.3.4.4b) in red fox kits (Vulpes vulpes) |
| title_sort | infection and tissue distribution of highly pathogenic avian influenza a type h5n1 clade 2 3 4 4b in red fox kits vulpes vulpes |
| topic | Influenza Vulpes vulpes red fox whole genome sequencing highly pathogenic avian influenza A tissue tropism |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2249554 |
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