Current State of Dry Needling Practices: A Comprehensive Analysis on Use, Training, and Safety

<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Dry needling (DN) is a technique that involves inserting a thin filament needle through the skin to target myofascial trigger points for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction. Despite its efficacy in a broad plethora of musculoskeletal pa...

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Main Authors: Juan Antonio Valera-Calero, Gustavo Plaza-Manzano, Gabriel Rabanal-Rodríguez, María José Díaz-Arribas, Mateusz D. Kobylarz, Jorge Buffet-García, César Fernández-de-las-Peñas, Marcos José Navarro-Santana
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Medicina
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/11/1869
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author Juan Antonio Valera-Calero
Gustavo Plaza-Manzano
Gabriel Rabanal-Rodríguez
María José Díaz-Arribas
Mateusz D. Kobylarz
Jorge Buffet-García
César Fernández-de-las-Peñas
Marcos José Navarro-Santana
author_facet Juan Antonio Valera-Calero
Gustavo Plaza-Manzano
Gabriel Rabanal-Rodríguez
María José Díaz-Arribas
Mateusz D. Kobylarz
Jorge Buffet-García
César Fernández-de-las-Peñas
Marcos José Navarro-Santana
author_sort Juan Antonio Valera-Calero
collection DOAJ
description <i>Background and Objectives</i>: Dry needling (DN) is a technique that involves inserting a thin filament needle through the skin to target myofascial trigger points for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction. Despite its efficacy in a broad plethora of musculoskeletal pain conditions, its safety remains a topic of debate among clinicians and researchers. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the current practice of DN through a national survey, focusing on the frequency of its use and the incidence of adverse events (AEs), considering factors including physiotherapist experience, clinical workload, the extent of training received by practitioners, and the use of ultrasound guidance. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted. Respondents were licensed physical therapists (PTs) working in Spain. The survey covered demographics, professional data, frequency of adverse effects, and if they use ultrasound routinary for guiding interventions. <i>Results</i>: A total of 422 PTs participated in the study, mostly having 21–60 h of DN training (38.6%), less than 2 years of experience (36%), and not using ultrasound during the interventions (85.5%). Post-needling soreness and bent needles were the most common AEs, with most severe events rarely reported. Adverse event frequencies varied significantly based on training hours, experience, patient percentage treated with DN, and weekly clinical dedication. Clinicians with more hours of DN training or fewer years of experience reported higher incidences of certain complications. <i>Conclusions</i>: DN is a common intervention among PTs, with minor AEs frequently occurring and major AEs being less common but still significant. The accidental puncture of non-desired structures highlights the necessity for improve training on anatomical landmarks, needle insertion depth, cross-sectional anatomy education, and patient monitoring. To ensure safe practice, emphasize comprehensive training, adhere to safety protocols, exercise caution, and prioritize the use of ultrasound-guide is encouraged.
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spelling doaj-art-a0cbb06c8f514c5bb3c650e0d46981ba2025-08-20T02:48:06ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442024-11-016011186910.3390/medicina60111869Current State of Dry Needling Practices: A Comprehensive Analysis on Use, Training, and SafetyJuan Antonio Valera-Calero0Gustavo Plaza-Manzano1Gabriel Rabanal-Rodríguez2María José Díaz-Arribas3Mateusz D. Kobylarz4Jorge Buffet-García5César Fernández-de-las-Peñas6Marcos José Navarro-Santana7Department of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursery, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursery, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursery, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursery, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainEscuela Internacional de Doctorado, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, SpainFaculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, SpainDepartment of Radiology, Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Nursery, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain<i>Background and Objectives</i>: Dry needling (DN) is a technique that involves inserting a thin filament needle through the skin to target myofascial trigger points for the treatment of musculoskeletal pain and dysfunction. Despite its efficacy in a broad plethora of musculoskeletal pain conditions, its safety remains a topic of debate among clinicians and researchers. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the current practice of DN through a national survey, focusing on the frequency of its use and the incidence of adverse events (AEs), considering factors including physiotherapist experience, clinical workload, the extent of training received by practitioners, and the use of ultrasound guidance. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: An online cross-sectional survey was conducted. Respondents were licensed physical therapists (PTs) working in Spain. The survey covered demographics, professional data, frequency of adverse effects, and if they use ultrasound routinary for guiding interventions. <i>Results</i>: A total of 422 PTs participated in the study, mostly having 21–60 h of DN training (38.6%), less than 2 years of experience (36%), and not using ultrasound during the interventions (85.5%). Post-needling soreness and bent needles were the most common AEs, with most severe events rarely reported. Adverse event frequencies varied significantly based on training hours, experience, patient percentage treated with DN, and weekly clinical dedication. Clinicians with more hours of DN training or fewer years of experience reported higher incidences of certain complications. <i>Conclusions</i>: DN is a common intervention among PTs, with minor AEs frequently occurring and major AEs being less common but still significant. The accidental puncture of non-desired structures highlights the necessity for improve training on anatomical landmarks, needle insertion depth, cross-sectional anatomy education, and patient monitoring. To ensure safe practice, emphasize comprehensive training, adhere to safety protocols, exercise caution, and prioritize the use of ultrasound-guide is encouraged.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/11/1869adverse effectsdry needlingmyofascial trigger pointsrisk managementsafety management
spellingShingle Juan Antonio Valera-Calero
Gustavo Plaza-Manzano
Gabriel Rabanal-Rodríguez
María José Díaz-Arribas
Mateusz D. Kobylarz
Jorge Buffet-García
César Fernández-de-las-Peñas
Marcos José Navarro-Santana
Current State of Dry Needling Practices: A Comprehensive Analysis on Use, Training, and Safety
Medicina
adverse effects
dry needling
myofascial trigger points
risk management
safety management
title Current State of Dry Needling Practices: A Comprehensive Analysis on Use, Training, and Safety
title_full Current State of Dry Needling Practices: A Comprehensive Analysis on Use, Training, and Safety
title_fullStr Current State of Dry Needling Practices: A Comprehensive Analysis on Use, Training, and Safety
title_full_unstemmed Current State of Dry Needling Practices: A Comprehensive Analysis on Use, Training, and Safety
title_short Current State of Dry Needling Practices: A Comprehensive Analysis on Use, Training, and Safety
title_sort current state of dry needling practices a comprehensive analysis on use training and safety
topic adverse effects
dry needling
myofascial trigger points
risk management
safety management
url https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/11/1869
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