Social and spatial predictors of collective search behaviors

Abstract Understanding crowd behavior is critical for designing buildings and public spaces with efficient circulation. However, the interplay of social and spatial contexts makes this endeavor challenging. This paper examines scenarios in which crowds perform a search task with time constraints, ak...

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Main Authors: Marion Hoffman, Tyler Thrash, Christoph Hölscher, Mubbasir Kapadia, Victor R. Schinazi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02460-7
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author Marion Hoffman
Tyler Thrash
Christoph Hölscher
Mubbasir Kapadia
Victor R. Schinazi
author_facet Marion Hoffman
Tyler Thrash
Christoph Hölscher
Mubbasir Kapadia
Victor R. Schinazi
author_sort Marion Hoffman
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Understanding crowd behavior is critical for designing buildings and public spaces with efficient circulation. However, the interplay of social and spatial contexts makes this endeavor challenging. This paper examines scenarios in which crowds perform a search task with time constraints, akin to individuals shopping or officers searching a crime area. We formulate and test two sets of hypotheses defined at the crowd and individual levels using desktop VR experiments. We conducted four experimental sessions that employed different social incentives (collaborative versus competitive) with a total of 140 participants, using a mixed factorial design where each individual participated in 12 trials. We found that competitive incentives produced higher levels of crowd aggregation than collaborative incentives. In addition, individuals were more likely to be influenced by others’ behaviors in the collaborative compared to the competitive condition. Notably, these social signals were conveyed among participants without any verbal communication. We also developed a novel graph theoretic measure, “search attractiveness,” that accurately predicts space occupation during a search task. This paper highlights the roles of social and spatial contexts in understanding occupation and aggregation.
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spelling doaj-art-a0c81b5e67654e759ec57bf2c82619b42025-08-20T03:22:02ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111610.1038/s41598-025-02460-7Social and spatial predictors of collective search behaviorsMarion Hoffman0Tyler Thrash1Christoph Hölscher2Mubbasir Kapadia3Victor R. Schinazi4Institute for Advanced Study in Toulouse, Toulouse School of Economics, University Toulouse CapitoleDepartment of Biology, Saint Louis UniversityDepartment of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH ZürichDepartment of Computer Science, Rutgers UniversityDepartment of Humanities, Social and Political Sciences, ETH ZürichAbstract Understanding crowd behavior is critical for designing buildings and public spaces with efficient circulation. However, the interplay of social and spatial contexts makes this endeavor challenging. This paper examines scenarios in which crowds perform a search task with time constraints, akin to individuals shopping or officers searching a crime area. We formulate and test two sets of hypotheses defined at the crowd and individual levels using desktop VR experiments. We conducted four experimental sessions that employed different social incentives (collaborative versus competitive) with a total of 140 participants, using a mixed factorial design where each individual participated in 12 trials. We found that competitive incentives produced higher levels of crowd aggregation than collaborative incentives. In addition, individuals were more likely to be influenced by others’ behaviors in the collaborative compared to the competitive condition. Notably, these social signals were conveyed among participants without any verbal communication. We also developed a novel graph theoretic measure, “search attractiveness,” that accurately predicts space occupation during a search task. This paper highlights the roles of social and spatial contexts in understanding occupation and aggregation.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02460-7Crowd dynamicsSpatial layoutVirtual reality experimentsGraph theorySpace syntax
spellingShingle Marion Hoffman
Tyler Thrash
Christoph Hölscher
Mubbasir Kapadia
Victor R. Schinazi
Social and spatial predictors of collective search behaviors
Scientific Reports
Crowd dynamics
Spatial layout
Virtual reality experiments
Graph theory
Space syntax
title Social and spatial predictors of collective search behaviors
title_full Social and spatial predictors of collective search behaviors
title_fullStr Social and spatial predictors of collective search behaviors
title_full_unstemmed Social and spatial predictors of collective search behaviors
title_short Social and spatial predictors of collective search behaviors
title_sort social and spatial predictors of collective search behaviors
topic Crowd dynamics
Spatial layout
Virtual reality experiments
Graph theory
Space syntax
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02460-7
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AT mubbasirkapadia socialandspatialpredictorsofcollectivesearchbehaviors
AT victorrschinazi socialandspatialpredictorsofcollectivesearchbehaviors