Synergistic Effects of Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation and Modified Biochar on the Engineering Properties of Loess

Collapsible loess poses significant geotechnical risks due to its metastable structure and water sensitivity, while conventional stabilization methods often lack sustainability. This study investigates the synergistic effects of microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) and modified biochar (...

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Main Authors: Qibo Yan, Lingwei Kong, Shiyue Fang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Crystals
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/6/504
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author Qibo Yan
Lingwei Kong
Shiyue Fang
author_facet Qibo Yan
Lingwei Kong
Shiyue Fang
author_sort Qibo Yan
collection DOAJ
description Collapsible loess poses significant geotechnical risks due to its metastable structure and water sensitivity, while conventional stabilization methods often lack sustainability. This study investigates the synergistic effects of microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) and modified biochar (MBC) to enhance loess engineering properties. Controlled experiments evaluated hydraulic conductivity, shear strength, and stress-strress–strain behavior under varying MBC content (0–8%), cementation reagent concentration (0.5–1.5 mol/L), and confining pressures (50–400 kPa), and complemented by microstructural characterization via scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results demonstrate that MBC (4–6%) optimizes calcium carbonate distribution by providing nucleation sites, reducing hydraulic conductivity by 72% and increasing shear strength by 52% when compared with untreated loess. Elevated confining pressures (200–400 kPa) transformed brittle failure into ductile behavior through particle interlocking, with peak strength quadrupling under 400 kPa. SEM analysis revealed MBC stabilizes hierarchical pore networks: macropores sustain microbial activity, while mesopores are occluded by CaCO<sub>3</sub>-MBC composites, sequestering ionic byproducts to mitigate efflorescence. The optimal combination (6% MBC, 1.0 mol/L reagent, 200 kPa confinement) achieved 85% of maximum strength gain at reduced reagent cost, balancing performance and sustainability.
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spelling doaj-art-a0b5d88500d14fcf8b2fec25e2455a392025-08-20T03:27:01ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522025-05-0115650410.3390/cryst15060504Synergistic Effects of Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation and Modified Biochar on the Engineering Properties of LoessQibo Yan0Lingwei Kong1Shiyue Fang2College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, ChinaNorthwest Research Institute Co., Ltd. of China Railway Engineering Corporation, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaCollege of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, ChinaCollapsible loess poses significant geotechnical risks due to its metastable structure and water sensitivity, while conventional stabilization methods often lack sustainability. This study investigates the synergistic effects of microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) and modified biochar (MBC) to enhance loess engineering properties. Controlled experiments evaluated hydraulic conductivity, shear strength, and stress-strress–strain behavior under varying MBC content (0–8%), cementation reagent concentration (0.5–1.5 mol/L), and confining pressures (50–400 kPa), and complemented by microstructural characterization via scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results demonstrate that MBC (4–6%) optimizes calcium carbonate distribution by providing nucleation sites, reducing hydraulic conductivity by 72% and increasing shear strength by 52% when compared with untreated loess. Elevated confining pressures (200–400 kPa) transformed brittle failure into ductile behavior through particle interlocking, with peak strength quadrupling under 400 kPa. SEM analysis revealed MBC stabilizes hierarchical pore networks: macropores sustain microbial activity, while mesopores are occluded by CaCO<sub>3</sub>-MBC composites, sequestering ionic byproducts to mitigate efflorescence. The optimal combination (6% MBC, 1.0 mol/L reagent, 200 kPa confinement) achieved 85% of maximum strength gain at reduced reagent cost, balancing performance and sustainability.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/6/504microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP)modified biochar (MBC)loess stabilizationengineering propertiesmicrostructural analysis
spellingShingle Qibo Yan
Lingwei Kong
Shiyue Fang
Synergistic Effects of Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation and Modified Biochar on the Engineering Properties of Loess
Crystals
microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP)
modified biochar (MBC)
loess stabilization
engineering properties
microstructural analysis
title Synergistic Effects of Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation and Modified Biochar on the Engineering Properties of Loess
title_full Synergistic Effects of Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation and Modified Biochar on the Engineering Properties of Loess
title_fullStr Synergistic Effects of Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation and Modified Biochar on the Engineering Properties of Loess
title_full_unstemmed Synergistic Effects of Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation and Modified Biochar on the Engineering Properties of Loess
title_short Synergistic Effects of Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation and Modified Biochar on the Engineering Properties of Loess
title_sort synergistic effects of microbial induced carbonate precipitation and modified biochar on the engineering properties of loess
topic microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP)
modified biochar (MBC)
loess stabilization
engineering properties
microstructural analysis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/15/6/504
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AT lingweikong synergisticeffectsofmicrobialinducedcarbonateprecipitationandmodifiedbiocharontheengineeringpropertiesofloess
AT shiyuefang synergisticeffectsofmicrobialinducedcarbonateprecipitationandmodifiedbiocharontheengineeringpropertiesofloess